Ispezione delle classi con la reflection

Che cos'è la reflection?

Ottenere un oggetto Class

Class<String> c1 = String.class;           // literal
Class<?> c2 = "hello".getClass();           // from instance
Class<?> c3 = Class.forName("java.util.ArrayList"); // by name

Ispezionare i metadati della classe

Class<?> c = ArrayList.class;
System.out.println(c.getName());           // java.util.ArrayList
System.out.println(c.getSimpleName());     // ArrayList
System.out.println(c.getSuperclass());     // class java.util.AbstractList
for (Class<?> iface : c.getInterfaces()) System.out.println(iface.getName());

Elencare i campi dichiarati

for (Field f : User.class.getDeclaredFields()) {
    System.out.printf("%-10s %s%n", f.getType().getSimpleName(), f.getName());
}

Elencare i metodi

for (Method m : String.class.getDeclaredMethods()) {
    System.out.println(m.getName() + " -> " + m.getReturnType().getSimpleName());
}

Ispezionare i parametri dei metodi

Method m = UserService.class.getDeclaredMethod("findById", Long.class);
for (Parameter p : m.getParameters()) {
    System.out.println(p.getType().getSimpleName() + " " + p.getName());
}

Elencare i costruttori

for (Constructor<?> c : User.class.getDeclaredConstructors()) {
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(c.getParameterTypes()));
}

Leggere le annotazioni

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {}

// Inspection:
RequestMapping rm = UserController.class.getAnnotation(RequestMapping.class);
if (rm != null) System.out.println("Path: " + Arrays.toString(rm.value()));

Verificare i modificatori

for (Field f : User.class.getDeclaredFields()) {
    int mod = f.getModifiers();
    if (Modifier.isPrivate(mod)) System.out.println("private: " + f.getName());
}

Verifica con isAssignableFrom e instanceof

Class<?> parent = Collection.class;
Class<?> child  = ArrayList.class;
System.out.println(parent.isAssignableFrom(child)); // true
System.out.println(child.isAssignableFrom(parent));  // false

Nota sulle prestazioni

private static final Field NAME_FIELD;
static {
    try { NAME_FIELD = User.class.getDeclaredField("name"); NAME_FIELD.setAccessible(true); }
    catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
}

Verifica rapida

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