TypeScript 5.3–5.4: Penyempitan Baru dan NoInfer

Ikhtisar TypeScript 5.3

// npm install typescript@5.3

Peningkatan Penyempitan Switch/Case

type Result = { status: "ok"; data: string } | { status: "err"; code: number };

function handle(r: Result) {
  switch (r.status) {
    case "ok":
      console.log(r.data);   // r: { status: "ok"; data: string } — narrowed
      break;
    case "err":
      console.log(r.code);   // r: { status: "err"; code: number } — narrowed
      break;
  }
}

Impor Tipe JSDoc

/** @import { User } from "./types.js" */

/** @param {User} user */
function greet(user) {
  console.log(user.name);
}

Mode Resolusi dalam Impor Tipe

import type { User } from "some-library" with { "resolution-mode": "require" };

Ikhtisar TypeScript 5.4

// npm install typescript@5.4

Tipe Utilitas NoInfer<T>

function createStore<T>(initial: T, onChange: (val: NoInfer<T>) => void) {
  // T inferred from initial, not from onChange callback
}

createStore({ count: 0 }, (val) => {
  // val: { count: number } — inferred from initial only
});

Mengapa NoInfer Penting

// Before NoInfer: T may be widened by the callback
function createStore<T>(initial: T, onChange: (val: T) => void) {}
createStore({ count: 0 }, (val: { count: number; extra: string }) => {});
// T widened to include extra — not what we want

Penyempitan yang Dipertahankan Setelah Fungsi Penutup

function process(val: string | null) {
  if (!val) return;
  // val: string
  setTimeout(() => {
    console.log(val.toUpperCase()); // TS 5.4: still string — not widened
  }, 100);
}

Pemberian Tipe Object.groupBy

const users = [
  { name: "Alice", role: "admin" },
  { name: "Bob", role: "user" },
];
const grouped = Object.groupBy(users, (u) => u.role);
// grouped: { [role: string]: { name: string; role: string }[] }

Pembuatan Deklarasi yang Lebih Baik

// Fewer "Type ... is not assignable to type ..." errors
// in generated declaration files from TS 5.4 onward

Ringkasan: TS 5.3–5.4

Pemeriksaan Singkat

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