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Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide · Pelajaran

Keamanan Berbasis JWT

Terapkan autentikasi berbasis token menggunakan JSON Web Token (JWT) untuk API tanpa status.

Keamanan Berbasis JWT adalah pelajaran Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide gratis di CoddyKit. Ini adalah pelajaran 3 dari 4. Kamu bisa membaca pelajaran lengkapnya di bawah secara gratis — lalu praktikkan langsung di browser dengan editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7. Ini adalah bagian dari jalur belajar Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide, dan progresmu tersinkronisasi di web dan aplikasi CoddyKit. Kursus Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Bagian dari pelajaran ini belum diterjemahkan dan ditampilkan dalam bahasa Inggris.

Intro to JWT-Based Security

Welcome to the final lesson on Spring Security! Today, we'll explore JSON Web Tokens (JWTs), a popular method for securing stateless APIs.

Unlike traditional session-based authentication, JWTs allow the server to remain stateless, making them ideal for microservices and mobile applications.

What is a JWT?

A JWT is a compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object.

  • Compact: Small size, can be sent through URL, POST parameter, or inside an HTTP header.
  • Self-contained: Contains all necessary information about the user, avoiding database lookups for every request.

Anatomy of a JWT

A JWT consists of three parts, separated by dots (.):

  • Header
  • Payload
  • Signature

It typically looks like: xxxxx.yyyyy.zzzzz

The Header: Algorithm & Type

The Header usually consists of two parts: the type of the token (which is JWT) and the signing algorithm being used (e.g., HS256 or RS256).

This JSON is then Base64Url-encoded to form the first part of the JWT.

{"alg":"HS256","typ":"JWT"}

The Payload: Claims

The Payload contains the 'claims' – statements about an entity (typically, the user) and additional data. There are three types of claims:

  • Registered claims: Standard, non-mandatory claims (e.g., iss for issuer, exp for expiration, sub for subject).
  • Public claims: Defined by users, require collision-resistant names.
  • Private claims: Custom claims agreed upon by sender and receiver.

The Signature: Trust & Integrity

The Signature is created by taking the encoded header, the encoded payload, a secret key, and the algorithm specified in the header. It ensures the token hasn't been tampered with.

If someone changes the header or payload, the signature verification will fail, making the token invalid. The secret key must be kept confidential!

Generating JWT Parts (Code)

Let's see how the header and payload are Base64Url-encoded. The signature would then be computed using these encoded parts and a secret.

import java.util.Base64;

public class JwtPartsDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    String headerJson = "{\"alg\":\"HS256\",\"typ\":\"JWT\"}";
    String payloadJson = "{\"sub\":\"coddyUser\",\"iat\":1678886400,\"exp\":1678890000}";
    
    String encodedHeader = Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(headerJson.getBytes());
    String encodedPayload = Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(payloadJson.getBytes());
    
    System.out.println("Encoded Header: " + encodedHeader);
    System.out.println("Encoded Payload: " + encodedPayload);
    System.out.println("\nJWT format: EncodedHeader.EncodedPayload.Signature");
  }
}

JWT Flow in Spring Security

When a user successfully authenticates (e.g., logs in with username/password), the server:

  1. Generates a JWT.
  2. Sends the JWT back to the client.

For subsequent requests, the client:

  1. Stores the JWT (e.g., in local storage).
  2. Attaches the JWT in the Authorization header (e.g., Bearer YOUR_TOKEN).

The server then intercepts and validates this token for each protected request.

Validating JWTs (Code Concept)

A custom filter in Spring Security would extract the token, decode its parts, and then critically, verify the signature and validate claims like expiration.

import java.util.Base64;

public class JwtValidationDemo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // A simplified example token (signature part is placeholder)
    String jwtToken = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJjb2RkeVVzZXIiLCJpYXQiOjE2Nzg4ODY0MDAsImV4cCI6MTY3ODg5MDAwMH0.SIGNATURE_PLACEHOLDER";
    
    String[] parts = jwtToken.split("\\.");
    
    if (parts.length == 3) {
      String decodedHeader = new String(Base64.getUrlDecoder().decode(parts[0]));
      String decodedPayload = new String(Base64.getUrlDecoder().decode(parts[1]));
      
      System.out.println("Decoded Header: " + decodedHeader);
      System.out.println("Decoded Payload: " + decodedPayload);
      
      // In a real application, you would:
      // 1. Verify the 'SIGNATURE_PLACEHOLDER' using the secret key.
      // 2. Parse 'decodedPayload' JSON to check claims like 'exp' (expiration).
      if (decodedPayload.contains("\"sub\":\"coddyUser\"")) {
        System.out.println("Payload contains expected subject 'coddyUser'.");
      }
    } else {
      System.out.println("Invalid JWT format.");
    }
  }
}

Quick Check: JWT Parts

Based on what we've learned, which of the following are standard parts of a JSON Web Token (JWT) that are transmitted?

Recap: JWT-Based Security

In this lesson, we explored JWT-based security, understanding its three key parts: Header, Payload, and Signature.

We learned how JWTs enable stateless authentication, making them highly scalable and suitable for modern APIs and mobile applications. You also saw conceptual code examples for generating and validating JWTs.

This concludes our Spring Security course! You've learned to secure applications from basic authentication to advanced token-based systems.

Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan

Apakah pelajaran “Keamanan Berbasis JWT” gratis?

Ya — teks lengkap “Keamanan Berbasis JWT” gratis dibaca di sini di web. Untuk praktiknya secara interaktif (editor kode bawaan dan tutor AI 24/7) dan buka sisa kursus Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide, upgrade ke CoddyKit PRO. Kursus Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide mencakup 4 pelajaran total.

Apa yang akan aku pelajari di “Keamanan Berbasis JWT”?

Terapkan autentikasi berbasis token menggunakan JSON Web Token (JWT) untuk API tanpa status. Kamu berlatih Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide dengan kode praktik yang langsung kamu jalankan di browser, dan tutor AI 24/7 menjawab pertanyaanmu saat kamu mengerjakan pelajaran ini.

Apakah aku perlu pengalaman untuk memulai Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide?

Tidak diperlukan pengalaman sebelumnya. Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide di CoddyKit dirancang untuk pemula hingga pelajar tingkat lanjut, jadi kamu bisa memulai di sini atau dari awal dan belajar sesuai kecepatan kamu sendiri. Ini adalah pelajaran 3 dari 4.

Berapa lama pelajaran “Keamanan Berbasis JWT” memakan waktu?

Sebagian besar pelajaran CoddyKit memakan waktu sekitar 5–10 menit. Setiap pelajaran ringkas dan interaktif, jadi kamu membuat kemajuan stabil dan melanjutkan dari tempat kamu tinggalkan di web dan aplikasi.

Bisakah aku menulis dan menjalankan kode dalam pelajaran Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide ini?

Ya. Setiap pelajaran Spring Boot 4 Complete Guide menyertakan editor kode bawaan, jadi kamu menulis dan menjalankan kode nyata langsung di browser dan mendapatkan umpan balik AI instan — tidak diperlukan penyiapan lokal.

Semua pelajaran dalam kursus ini

  1. Dasar-Dasar Spring Security
  2. Autentikasi dan Otorisasi
  3. Keamanan Berbasis JWT
  4. Integrasi OAuth2 dan Login Sosial
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