Komponen Polimorfik dengan Prop 'as'

Apa Itu Komponen Polimorfik

Properti as Sederhana (Tanpa TypeScript)

function Box({ as: Tag = 'div', children, ...props }) {
  return <Tag {...props}>{children}</Tag>;
}

// Usage:
<Box as="section" className="hero">...</Box>
<Box as="article">...</Box>

Properti as Bertipe dengan Generik

type PolymorphicProps<E extends React.ElementType> = {
  as?: E;
} & Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<E>, 'as'>;

function Box<E extends React.ElementType = 'div'>({
  as,
  ...props
}: PolymorphicProps<E>) {
  const Tag = as ?? 'div';
  return <Tag {...props} />;
}

Dengan Dukungan ref

type PolymorphicRef<E extends React.ElementType> = React.ComponentPropsWithRef<E>['ref'];

type PolymorphicPropsWithRef<E extends React.ElementType, P = {}> = P &
  Omit<React.ComponentPropsWithRef<E>, keyof P> & { as?: E };

const Button = React.forwardRef(
  <E extends React.ElementType = 'button'>(
    { as, ...props }: PolymorphicPropsWithRef<E>,
    ref: PolymorphicRef<E>
  ) => {
    const Tag = as ?? 'button';
    return <Tag ref={ref} {...props} />;
  }
);

Inferensi TypeScript dalam Praktik

// TypeScript allows href because as='a':
<Box as="a" href="https://example.com">Link</Box>

// TypeScript errors if you pass href to a div:
<Box as="div" href="...">Error!</Box> // TS: href is not a valid div prop

Memperluas dengan Properti Khusus

type TextProps<E extends React.ElementType> = PolymorphicProps<E> & {
  size?: 'sm' | 'md' | 'lg';
  weight?: 'normal' | 'bold';
};

function Text<E extends React.ElementType = 'p'>({
  as,
  size = 'md',
  weight = 'normal',
  className,
  ...props
}: TextProps<E>) {
  const Tag = as ?? 'p';
  return (
    <Tag
      className={[`text-${size}`, `font-${weight}`, className].filter(Boolean).join(' ')}
      {...props}
    />
  );
}

Kasus Penggunaan Nyata: Tautan yang Dirender sebagai RouterLink

import { Link } from 'react-router-dom';

type ButtonProps =
  | { to: string; href?: never } & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof Link>
  | { href: string; to?: never } & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'a'>
  | { to?: never; href?: never } & React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'button'>;

function Button({ to, href, ...props }: ButtonProps) {
  if (to) return <Link to={to} {...props} />;
  if (href) return <a href={href} {...props} />;
  return <button type="button" {...props} />;
}

Komponen Teks Sistem Desain

<Text as="h1" size="xl">Page Title</Text>
<Text as="span" weight="bold">Inline bold</Text>
<Text as="label" htmlFor="email">Email</Text> // htmlFor is valid because as='label'

Batasan pada Properti as

function Card<E extends React.ElementType = 'div'>({ as, ...props }: PolymorphicProps<E>) {
  const Tag = as ?? 'div';
  return <Tag {...props} />;
}

// Works with HTML elements:
<Card as="section" aria-label="Products" />
// Works with React components:
<Card as={motion.div} animate={{ opacity: 1 }} />

Menghindari Jebakan Umum

// Bad:
function Box({ as: Tag = 'div', ...props }) {
  return <Tag as={...} {...props} />; // 'as' attribute on div is invalid HTML
}

// Good:
function Box({ as: Tag = 'div', ...props }) {
  return <Tag {...props} />; // 'as' is used to pick Tag, not passed to element
}

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