string.gsub dan string.gmatch

Dasar-Dasar string.gsub

local s = "hello world hello"
local result, count = string.gsub(s, "hello", "hi")
print(result)  -- hi world hi
print(count)   -- 2

-- Limit replacements
local r2 = string.gsub(s, "hello", "hi", 1)
print(r2)      -- hi world hello

Referensi Tangkapan dalam Penggantian

-- Swap first and last name
local name = "Smith, John"
local swapped = string.gsub(name, "(%a+), (%a+)", "%2 %1")
print(swapped)   -- John Smith

-- Wrap numbers in brackets
local text = "items: 3 and 7 total 10"
local tagged = string.gsub(text, "%d+", "[%0]")
print(tagged)    -- items: [3] and [7] total [10]

Fungsi sebagai Pengganti

local env = {NAME="Lua", VERSION="5.4"}
local template = "Welcome to $NAME version $VERSION!"
local result = string.gsub(template, "%$(%w+)", env)
print(result)   -- Welcome to Lua version 5.4!

-- Double each number
local s = "a1 b2 c3"
local r = string.gsub(s, "%d+", function(n)
  return tostring(tonumber(n) * 2)
end)
print(r)  -- a2 b4 c6

Tabel sebagai Pengganti

local abbreviations = {
  str = "string",
  num = "number",
  tbl = "table",
  fn  = "function",
}

local text = "A str can hold a num or a tbl"
local expanded = string.gsub(text, "%a+", abbreviations)
print(expanded)
-- A string can hold a number or a table

Dasar-Dasar string.gmatch

local s = "one=1 two=2 three=3"

-- Iterate all words
for word in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
  io.write(word .. " ")
end
print()  -- one two three

-- Iterate key=value pairs
for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%a+)=(%d+)") do
  print(k, v)
end

Tokenisasi dengan gmatch

-- Split by whitespace
local function tokenize(s)
  local tokens = {}
  for token in string.gmatch(s, "%S+") do
    tokens[#tokens+1] = token
  end
  return tokens
end

local toks = tokenize("  hello   world   lua  ")
for i, t in ipairs(toks) do
  print(i, t)
end
-- 1 hello  2 world  3 lua

Penguraian Parameter URL

local url_params = "name=Alice&age=30&city=Istanbul"
local params = {}

for key, value in string.gmatch(url_params, "([^&=]+)=([^&]*)") do
  params[key] = value
end

print(params.name)  -- Alice
print(params.age)   -- 30
print(params.city)  -- Istanbul

Menghapus Tag HTML

local html = "<h1>Hello</h1> <p>World <b>bold</b></p>"
local plain = string.gsub(html, "<[^>]+>", "")
print(plain)   -- Hello  World bold

-- Replace <br> with newline
local html2 = "line1<br>line2<br/>line3"
local fixed = string.gsub(html2, "<br/?>", "\n")
print(fixed)

Meng-escape Karakter Khusus

-- Escape a string for use in a pattern
local function escapePattern(s)
  return (string.gsub(s, "[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$]", "%%%1"))
end

local query = "1+1=2"
local pattern = escapePattern(query)
print(string.find("result: 1+1=2", pattern, 1))  -- 9  13

Menghitung Kemunculan

local text = "banana"
local _, count = string.gsub(text, "a", "")
print("'a' appears " .. count .. " times")  -- 3

-- Count words
local sentence = "the quick brown fox"
local _, wordCount = string.gsub(sentence, "%S+", "")
print("Words:", wordCount)  -- 4

Pemeriksaan Singkat

Ringkasan: gsub dan gmatch