Validasi dan Pemetaan Berbasis Refleksi

Masalah yang Diatasi Pola Ini

Anotasi Validate

@Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
@Target(AnnotationTarget.PROPERTY)
annotation class Validate(
    val minLength: Int = 0,
    val maxLength: Int = Int.MAX_VALUE,
    val pattern: String = ""
)

Memberi Anotasi pada Kelas Data

data class UserForm(
    @Validate(minLength = 2, maxLength = 50) val name: String,
    @Validate(pattern = "^[\\w.]+@[\\w]+\\.[a-z]{2,}$") val email: String,
    @Validate(minLength = 8) val password: String
)

Fungsi Validasi

fun validate(obj: Any): List<String> {
    val errors = mutableListOf<String>()
    for (prop in obj::class.declaredMemberProperties) {
        val ann = prop.findAnnotation<Validate>() ?: continue
        val value = (prop as KProperty1<Any, *>).get(obj)?.toString() ?: ""
        if (value.length < ann.minLength) errors += "${prop.name}: too short"
        if (value.length > ann.maxLength) errors += "${prop.name}: too long"
        if (ann.pattern.isNotEmpty() && !value.matches(Regex(ann.pattern)))
            errors += "${prop.name}: invalid format"
    }
    return errors
}

Menjalankan Validasi

val form = UserForm("A", "not-an-email", "short")
val errors = validate(form)
errors.forEach(::println)
// name: too short
// email: invalid format
// password: too short

Pemetaan Objek ke Peta dengan @Column

@Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
@Target(AnnotationTarget.PROPERTY)
annotation class Column(val name: String)

fun toMap(obj: Any): Map<String, Any?> =
    obj::class.declaredMemberProperties
        .mapNotNull { prop ->
            val col = prop.findAnnotation<Column>() ?: return@mapNotNull null
            col.name to (prop as KProperty1<Any, *>).get(obj)
        }.toMap()

Menggunakan Pemeta

data class User(
    @Column("user_name") val name: String,
    @Column("user_email") val email: String
)

val user = User("Alice", "alice@example.com")
println(toMap(user))
// {user_name=Alice, user_email=alice@example.com}

Menyimpan Hasil Refleksi untuk Digunakan Kembali

val cache = ConcurrentHashMap<KClass<*>, List<Pair<KProperty1<Any,*>, Column>>>()

fun columnsOf(klass: KClass<*>) = cache.getOrPut(klass) {
    klass.declaredMemberProperties
        .mapNotNull { p ->
            p.findAnnotation<Column>()?.let { (p as KProperty1<Any,*>) to it }
        }
}

Menggabungkan Validasi dan Pemetaan

data class Product(
    @Validate(minLength = 1) @Column("product_name") val name: String,
    @Column("price") val price: Double
)

Keterbatasan

Kapan Menggunakan Pola Ini

Pemeriksaan Singkat

Rangkuman: Validasi dan Pemetaan Berbasis Refleksi