Grup Rute, Parameter & Validasi

Grup Rute untuk Penataan

Membuat Grup Rute

var products = app.MapGroup("/api/products").WithTags("Products");

products.MapGet("/",     GetAll);
products.MapGet("/{id}", GetById);
products.MapPost("/",    Create);
products.MapPut("/{id}", Update);
products.MapDelete("/{id}", Delete);
// Routes: /api/products, /api/products/{id}

Menerapkan Autentikasi ke Grup

var adminGroup = app.MapGroup("/admin")
    .RequireAuthorization("AdminPolicy")
    .WithTags("Admin");

adminGroup.MapGet("/users",    GetAllUsers);
adminGroup.MapDelete("/users/{id}", DeleteUser);

// This one inside the group opts out
adminGroup.MapGet("/status", () => "OK").AllowAnonymous();

Batasan Parameter Rute

// Only matches numeric IDs
app.MapGet("/products/{id:int}", (int id) => id);

// GUID constraint
app.MapGet("/orders/{orderId:guid}", (Guid orderId) => orderId);

// Length constraint
app.MapGet("/codes/{code:length(6)}", (string code) => code);

// Min value
app.MapGet("/page/{page:min(1)}", (int page) => page);

Pengikatan dari Berbagai Sumber

app.MapPost("/search", (
    [FromQuery] string q,
    [FromQuery] int page,
    [FromHeader(Name = "X-Api-Version")] string version,
    [FromBody] SearchFilters filters,
    AppDbContext db) =>
{
    // q and page from query string
    // version from request header
    // filters from JSON body
    return Results.Ok();
});

Pengikatan Parameter Khusus dengan TryParse

public record ProductFilter(string? Category, decimal? MinPrice)
{
    public static bool TryParse(string value, out ProductFilter result)
    {
        var parts = value.Split(':');
        result = new ProductFilter(
            parts.Length > 0 ? parts[0] : null,
            parts.Length > 1 && decimal.TryParse(parts[1], out var p) ? p : null);
        return true;
    }
}

// Usage: GET /products?filter=Electronics:50
app.MapGet("/products", ([FromQuery] ProductFilter filter) => filter);

Validasi Anotasi Data

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

record CreateProductRequest
{
    [Required, MaxLength(200)]
    public string Name { get; init; } = "";

    [Range(0.01, 999999)]
    public decimal Price { get; init; }

    [Range(0, int.MaxValue)]
    public int Stock { get; init; }
}

Penyaring Titik Akhir untuk Validasi

app.MapPost("/products", CreateProduct)
   .AddEndpointFilter(async (ctx, next) =>
   {
       var req = ctx.GetArgument<CreateProductRequest>(0);
       var errors = new List<ValidationResult>();
       if (!Validator.TryValidateObject(req,
               new ValidationContext(req), errors, true))
       {
           return Results.ValidationProblem(
               errors.ToDictionary(e => e.MemberNames.First(),
                                   e => new[] { e.ErrorMessage! }));
       }
       return await next(ctx);
   });

Integrasi FluentValidation

public class CreateProductValidator : AbstractValidator<CreateProductRequest>
{
    public CreateProductValidator()
    {
        RuleFor(x => x.Name).NotEmpty().MaximumLength(200);
        RuleFor(x => x.Price).GreaterThan(0);
        RuleFor(x => x.Stock).GreaterThanOrEqualTo(0);
    }
}

builder.Services.AddFluentValidationAutoValidation();
builder.Services.AddValidatorsFromAssemblyContaining<CreateProductValidator>();

Grup Rute Bertingkat

var api = app.MapGroup("/api").RequireAuthorization();

var orders = api.MapGroup("/orders");
orders.MapGet("/", GetAllOrders);
orders.MapGet("/{id:int}", GetOrder);

// Nested: /api/orders/{orderId}/lines
var lines = orders.MapGroup("/{orderId:int}/lines");
lines.MapGet("/",        GetOrderLines);
lines.MapPost("/",       AddOrderLine);
lines.MapDelete("/{id}", RemoveOrderLine);

Contoh Dunia Nyata: Grup API Berversi

var v1 = app.MapGroup("/api/v1")
    .RequireAuthorization()
    .WithTags("v1");

var v2 = app.MapGroup("/api/v2")
    .RequireAuthorization()
    .WithTags("v2");

v1.MapGet("/products", GetProductsV1);
v2.MapGet("/products", GetProductsV2); // richer response

Pemeriksaan Singkat

Ringkasan: Grup Rute, Parameter & Validasi