Pola penjagaan & validasi

Alasan menggunakan penjaga

Demo penjaga awal

using System;

// Demo: validate inputs at the top; keep main logic flat.
public class Program
{
  // Compute price with simple rules; guard early.
  public static decimal ComputePrice(string sku, int qty, decimal unitPrice)
  {
    if (sku == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("sku");
    if (sku.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException("sku must not be empty", "sku");
    if (qty <= 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("qty", "qty must be > 0");
    if (unitPrice < 0m) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("unitPrice", "unitPrice must be >= 0");

    // Main logic stays simple
    decimal subtotal = qty * unitPrice;
    if (qty >= 10) subtotal = subtotal * 0.9m; // small bulk discount
    return subtotal;
  }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Console.WriteLine(ComputePrice("ABC", 2, 5m));   // ok
    try { Console.WriteLine(ComputePrice("", 2, 5m)); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.GetType().Name); }
  }
}

Kelas helper Guard

using System;

// Minimal static helper for common validations (beginner friendly).
public static class Guard
{
  public static void NotNull(object value, string name)
  {
    if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(name);
  }

  public static void NotNullOrEmpty(string value, string name)
  {
    if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(name);
    if (value.Length == 0) throw new ArgumentException(name + " must not be empty", name);
  }

  public static void InRange(int value, int minInclusive, int maxInclusive, string name)
  {
    if (value < minInclusive || value > maxInclusive)
      throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(name, "Expected " + minInclusive + ".." + maxInclusive);
  }
}

public class Program
{
  static int ScoreFor(string userId, int level)
  {
    Guard.NotNullOrEmpty(userId, "userId");
    Guard.InRange(level, 1, 10, "level");
    // pretend logic
    return level * 100;
  }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Console.WriteLine(ScoreFor("u42", 3));
    try { Console.WriteLine(ScoreFor(null, 3)); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.GetType().Name); }
  }
}

Validasi TryParse

using System;

// Use TryParse for user-provided text; avoid throwing for normal invalid input.
public class Program
{
  public static bool TryGetPort(string text, out int port)
  {
    port = 0;
    int value;
    if (!int.TryParse(text, out value)) return false;
    if (value < 1 || value > 65535) return false;
    port = value;
    return true;
  }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    int p;
    Console.WriteLine("8080 -> " + (TryGetPort("8080", out p) ? ("ok " + p) : "invalid"));
    Console.WriteLine("abc -> " + (TryGetPort("abc", out p) ? ("ok " + p) : "invalid"));
  }
}

Lempar atau kembalikan

Praktik terbaik

Makna klausa penjaga

Rangkuman