Metode/tipe generik; batasan

Ikhtisar generik

Metode generik

using System;

// Generic method works for any T
public class Program
{
  static T Identity<T>(T value)
  {
    // just returns what it got
    return value;
  }

  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    int a = Identity<int>(5);
    string b = Identity<string>("hi");
    Console.WriteLine(a + " & " + b);
  }
}

Tipe generik

using System;

// Simple generic type to hold a value
public sealed class Box<T>
{
  private T _value;
  public Box(T value) { _value = value; }
  public T Get() { return _value; }
  public void Set(T value) { _value = value; }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Box<int> bi = new Box<int>(10);
    Box<string> bs = new Box<string>("ok");
    Console.WriteLine(bi.Get() + " | " + bs.Get());
  }
}

Batasan new()

using System;

// Factory that can create T with a parameterless ctor
public static class Factory
{
  public static T Create<T>() where T : new()
  {
    return new T(); // allowed thanks to new() constraint
  }
}

public sealed class Person
{
  public string Name;
  public Person() { Name = "Anon"; }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Person p = Factory.Create<Person>();
    Console.WriteLine(p.Name);
  }
}

Batasan antarmuka

using System;

// Min for two values that can be compared
public static class Utils
{
  public static T Min<T>(T a, T b) where T : IComparable<T>
  {
    return a.CompareTo(b) <= 0 ? a : b;
  }
}

public class Program
{
  public static void Main(string[] args)
  {
    Console.WriteLine(Utils.Min(5, 3));          // 3
    Console.WriteLine(Utils.Min("b", "a"));      // a
  }
}

Batasan kelas/struktur & kiat

Makna batasan new()

Ringkasan