Merancang Alat Agen yang Dapat Dibagikan

Apa yang Membuat Alat Dapat Dibagikan?

Standar Skema Alat

TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE = {
    'name': 'get_weather',
    'description': 'Returns current weather conditions for a city. '
                   'Use when the user asks about weather or temperature.',
    'version': '1.2.0',
    'parameters': {
        'type': 'object',
        'properties': {
            'city': {
                'type': 'string',
                'description': 'City name (e.g., London, Tokyo)',
                'minLength': 1,
                'maxLength': 100
            },
            'units': {
                'type': 'string',
                'enum': ['celsius', 'fahrenheit'],
                'default': 'celsius',
                'description': 'Temperature unit'
            }
        },
        'required': ['city']
    },
    'returns': {
        'type': 'object',
        'properties': {
            'temperature': {'type': 'number'},
            'condition': {'type': 'string'},
            'humidity_pct': {'type': 'number'}
        }
    },
    'rate_limit': {'calls_per_minute': 60}
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(f"Tool: {TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE['name']} (v{TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE['version']})")
    print('Description:', TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE['description'])
    print('Required params:', TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE['parameters']['required'])

Kode Kesalahan

from enum import Enum

class ToolErrorCode(Enum):
    INVALID_PARAMS = 'INVALID_PARAMS'
    NOT_FOUND = 'NOT_FOUND'
    RATE_LIMITED = 'RATE_LIMITED'
    UPSTREAM_ERROR = 'UPSTREAM_ERROR'
    TIMEOUT = 'TIMEOUT'
    UNAUTHORISED = 'UNAUTHORISED'
    INTERNAL_ERROR = 'INTERNAL_ERROR'

class ToolError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, code: ToolErrorCode, message: str, details: dict = None):
        self.code = code
        self.message = message
        self.details = details or {}

    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
        return {
            'error': True,
            'code': self.code.value,
            'message': self.message,
            'details': self.details
        }

try:
    raise ToolError(
        ToolErrorCode.NOT_FOUND,
        'City not found in database',
        {'city': 'Atlantis', 'suggestion': 'Did you mean Athens?'}
    )
except ToolError as e:
    print(e.to_dict())

Validasi Input

import jsonschema  # pip install jsonschema

def validate_tool_input(params: dict, schema: dict) -> dict:
    """
    Validate params against schema.
    Returns validated (and default-filled) params.
    Raises ToolError on validation failure.
    """
    try:
        # Fill in defaults
        filled = dict(params)
        for prop, definition in schema['properties'].items():
            if prop not in filled and 'default' in definition:
                filled[prop] = definition['default']

        # Validate against schema
        jsonschema.validate(instance=filled, schema=schema)
        return filled

    except jsonschema.ValidationError as e:
        raise ToolError(
            ToolErrorCode.INVALID_PARAMS,
            f'Validation failed: {e.message}',
            {'path': list(e.path), 'schema_path': list(e.schema_path)}
        )

# Example usage:
try:
    params = validate_tool_input({'city': 'London'}, TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE['parameters'])
    print('Valid params:', params)
except ToolError as e:
    print('Error:', e.to_dict())

Contoh Penggunaan dalam Skema

TOOL_WITH_EXAMPLES = {
    'name': 'search_knowledge_base',
    'description': 'Search the company knowledge base for documentation.',
    'parameters': {
        'type': 'object',
        'properties': {
            'query': {'type': 'string'},
            'top_k': {'type': 'integer', 'default': 5, 'minimum': 1, 'maximum': 20}
        },
        'required': ['query']
    },
    'examples': [
        {
            'description': 'Search for onboarding docs',
            'input': {'query': 'how to onboard new users', 'top_k': 3},
            'output': {'results': [{'title': 'User Onboarding Guide', 'score': 0.95}]}
        },
        {
            'description': 'Search with default top_k',
            'input': {'query': 'API authentication'},
            'output': {'results': [{'title': 'API Auth Docs', 'score': 0.88}]}
        }
    ]
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print('Tool:', TOOL_WITH_EXAMPLES['name'])
    for ex in TOOL_WITH_EXAMPLES['examples']:
        print(f" - {ex['description']}: input={ex['input']} -> output={ex['output']}")

Pembatasan Laju pada Alat

import time
from collections import deque

class SlidingWindowRateLimiter:
    def __init__(self, max_calls: int, window_seconds: int):
        self.max_calls = max_calls
        self.window = window_seconds
        self._calls = deque()  # timestamps of recent calls

    def check(self) -> tuple:
        """
        Returns (allowed: bool, retry_after_seconds: float)
        """
        now = time.time()
        # Remove calls outside the window
        while self._calls and self._calls[0] < now - self.window:
            self._calls.popleft()

        if len(self._calls) >= self.max_calls:
            oldest = self._calls[0]
            retry_after = (oldest + self.window) - now
            return False, round(retry_after, 1)

        self._calls.append(now)
        return True, 0.0

weather_limiter = SlidingWindowRateLimiter(max_calls=10, window_seconds=60)
allowed, retry = weather_limiter.check()
if not allowed:
    raise ToolError(ToolErrorCode.RATE_LIMITED,
                    f'Rate limit exceeded. Retry in {retry}s',
                    {'retry_after': retry})

Pengemasan sebagai Paket Python

# Directory structure:
# agent_tool_weather/
#   __init__.py
#   tool.py
#   schema.py
#   pyproject.toml
#   README.md

# agent_tool_weather/tool.py
from .schema import SCHEMA
from .errors import ToolError, ToolErrorCode

def get_tool_definition() -> dict:
    return SCHEMA

def execute(params: dict) -> dict:
    validated = validate_tool_input(params, SCHEMA['parameters'])
    city = validated['city']
    units = validated['units']
    return _fetch_weather(city, units)

def _fetch_weather(city: str, units: str) -> dict:
    import requests
    url = f'https://api.weather.example.com/current?city={city}&units={units}'
    response = requests.get(url, headers={'X-API-Key': 'YOUR_KEY'}, timeout=5)
    if response.status_code == 404:
        raise ToolError(ToolErrorCode.NOT_FOUND, f'City not found: {city}')
    response.raise_for_status()
    return response.json()

Menulis README Alat

README_TEMPLATE = '''
# agent-tool-weather

Get real-time weather conditions for any city.

## Installation

pip install agent-tool-weather

## Setup

import os
os.environ["WEATHER_API_KEY"] = "your-key-here"

## Usage

from agent_tool_weather import get_tool_definition, execute

# In your agent
tool_def = get_tool_definition()

# Execute
result = execute({"city": "Tokyo", "units": "celsius"})
print(result)
# {"temperature": 22.5, "condition": "Partly cloudy", "humidity_pct": 65}

## Parameters

| Name  | Type   | Required | Default  | Description     |
|-------|--------|----------|----------|-----------------|
| city  | string | Yes      | -        | City name       |
| units | string | No       | celsius  | celsius or fahrenheit |

## Error Codes

- INVALID_PARAMS: Parameter validation failed
- NOT_FOUND: City not found
- RATE_LIMITED: 60 calls/minute limit exceeded
- UPSTREAM_ERROR: Weather API unavailable
'''

print(README_TEMPLATE[:300])

Menguji Alat yang Dapat Dibagikan

import pytest

def test_valid_city_returns_weather(mock_weather_api):
    result = execute({'city': 'London'})
    assert 'temperature' in result
    assert 'condition' in result
    assert isinstance(result['temperature'], (int, float))

def test_missing_required_param_raises_error():
    with pytest.raises(ToolError) as exc_info:
        execute({})  # city is required
    assert exc_info.value.code == ToolErrorCode.INVALID_PARAMS

def test_unknown_city_raises_not_found(mock_weather_api_404):
    with pytest.raises(ToolError) as exc_info:
        execute({'city': 'Atlantis'})
    assert exc_info.value.code == ToolErrorCode.NOT_FOUND

def test_default_units_is_celsius():
    params = validate_tool_input({'city': 'Paris'}, TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE['parameters'])
    assert params['units'] == 'celsius'

def test_rate_limit_enforced():
    limiter = SlidingWindowRateLimiter(max_calls=2, window_seconds=60)
    limiter.check()  # call 1
    limiter.check()  # call 2
    allowed, _ = limiter.check()  # call 3 — should fail
    assert not allowed

Format yang Kompatibel dengan Pemanggilan Fungsi OpenAI

def get_openai_schema(tool_schema: dict) -> dict:
    """Convert internal tool schema to OpenAI function-calling format."""
    return {
        'type': 'function',
        'function': {
            'name': tool_schema['name'],
            'description': tool_schema['description'],
            'parameters': tool_schema['parameters']
        }
    }

def get_anthropic_schema(tool_schema: dict) -> dict:
    """Convert to Anthropic tool format."""
    return {
        'name': tool_schema['name'],
        'description': tool_schema['description'],
        'input_schema': tool_schema['parameters']
    }

# Usage in an agent:
openai_tools = [get_openai_schema(t) for t in [TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE]]
anthropic_tools = [get_anthropic_schema(t) for t in [TOOL_SCHEMA_TEMPLATE]]
print('OpenAI format:', openai_tools[0]['function']['name'])
print('Anthropic format:', anthropic_tools[0]['name'])

Pemberian Versi pada Alat

VERSION = '1.2.0'

def bump_version(current: str, change_type: str) -> str:
    parts = list(map(int, current.split('.')))
    if change_type == 'major':
        return f'{parts[0]+1}.0.0'
    if change_type == 'minor':
        return f'{parts[0]}.{parts[1]+1}.0'
    if change_type == 'patch':
        return f'{parts[0]}.{parts[1]}.{parts[2]+1}'
    raise ValueError(f'Unknown change_type: {change_type}')

# Breaking change (removed required param) -> major
print(bump_version('1.2.0', 'major'))  # 2.0.0
# Added optional param -> minor
print(bump_version('1.2.0', 'minor'))  # 1.3.0
# Bug fix -> patch
print(bump_version('1.2.0', 'patch'))  # 1.2.1

Uji Pengetahuan

Rangkuman: Merancang Alat Agen yang Dapat Dibagikan