async let, Task और रद्दीकरण

// Create an independent task (not tied to current scope)
func fetchMessage() async -> String {
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 150_000_000)
    return "hello"
}

let t = Task { await fetchMessage() }
Task {
    print("from Task:", await t.value)  // waits for the independent task's result
}

// A long-running job that checks for cancellation
enum WorkError: Error { case cancelled }

func longJob() async throws -> Int {
    var total = 0
    for i in 1...10 {
        try Task.checkCancellation()        // throws CancellationError if cancelled
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 50_000_000)
        total += i
    }
    return total
}

let job = Task { try await longJob() }
Task {
    // Cancel after a short delay
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 120_000_000)
    job.cancel()
    do {
        _ = try await job.value
    } catch {
        print("job cancelled")              // expected
    }
}

// Propagate cancellation from parent to children using async let
func part(_ id: Int) async throws -> String {
    try Task.checkCancellation()
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 80_000_000)
    return "P\(id)"
}

Task {
    do {
        async let p1 = part(1)
        async let p2 = part(2)
        // Cancel the whole operation before awaiting
        Task.currentTask?.cancel()   // cancel self -> children see cancellation
        let out = try await [p1, p2].joined(separator: ",")
        print(out)
    } catch {
        print("parent cancelled; children stopped")
    }
}