async let وTask والإلغاء

ما ستتعلّمه

أساسيات async let

func loadA() async -> Int { try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 200_000_000); return 1 }
func loadB() async -> Int { try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 200_000_000); return 2 }

Task {
    async let a = loadA()
    async let b = loadB()
    // Both start immediately; awaiting joins them
    let sum = await (a + b)
    print("sum =", sum) // 3
}

مهمة Task مستقلة

// Create an independent task (not tied to current scope)
func fetchMessage() async -> String {
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 150_000_000)
    return "hello"
}

let t = Task { await fetchMessage() }
Task {
    print("from Task:", await t.value)  // waits for the independent task's result
}

أساسيات الإلغاء

// A long-running job that checks for cancellation
enum WorkError: Error { case cancelled }

func longJob() async throws -> Int {
    var total = 0
    for i in 1...10 {
        try Task.checkCancellation()        // throws CancellationError if cancelled
        try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 50_000_000)
        total += i
    }
    return total
}

let job = Task { try await longJob() }
Task {
    // Cancel after a short delay
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 120_000_000)
    job.cancel()
    do {
        _ = try await job.value
    } catch {
        print("job cancelled")              // expected
    }
}

إلغاء المهمة الأصلية للمهام الفرعية

// Propagate cancellation from parent to children using async let
func part(_ id: Int) async throws -> String {
    try Task.checkCancellation()
    try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 80_000_000)
    return "P\(id)"
}

Task {
    do {
        async let p1 = part(1)
        async let p2 = part(2)
        // Cancel the whole operation before awaiting
        Task.currentTask?.cancel()   // cancel self -> children see cancellation
        let out = try await [p1, p2].joined(separator: ",")
        print(out)
    } catch {
        print("parent cancelled; children stopped")
    }
}

إرشادات

سلوك الإلغاء التعاوني

خلاصة