Conformidad condicional

¿Qué es la conformidad condicional?

extension Array where Element: Equatable {
    func allEqual(to x: Element) -> Bool {
        allSatisfy { $0 == x }
    }
}

Ejemplo integrado

let a = [1, 2, 3]
let b = [1, 2, 3]
print(a == b)

Declaración de conformidad condicional

struct Pair<T> {
    let first: T
    let second: T
}

extension Pair: Equatable where T: Equatable {
    static func == (l: Pair, r: Pair) -> Bool {
        l.first == r.first && l.second == r.second
    }
}

print(Pair(first: 1, second: 2) == Pair(first: 1, second: 2))

Por qué importa la restricción

struct Box<T> { let value: T }
extension Box: Equatable where T: Equatable {}

print(Box(value: "hi") == Box(value: "hi"))
print(Box(value: 5) == Box(value: 9))

Codable condicional

struct Wrapper<T> { let payload: T }
extension Wrapper: Codable where T: Codable {}

let w = Wrapper(payload: 42)
let data = try! JSONEncoder().encode(w)
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)

Varias restricciones

struct Stack<T> { var items: [T] = [] }

extension Stack where T: Comparable {
    func maxItem() -> T? { items.max() }
}

var s = Stack<Int>()
s.items = [3, 9, 1]
print(s.maxItem()!)

CustomStringConvertible condicional

struct Labeled<T> { let label: String; let value: T }

extension Labeled: CustomStringConvertible where T: CustomStringConvertible {
    var description: String { label + ": " + value.description }
}

print(Labeled(label: "Age", value: 30))

Conformidad condicional anidada

let grid1 = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
let grid2 = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
print(grid1 == grid2)

Restricción a otro protocolo

protocol Priced { var price: Double { get } }
struct Item: Priced { let price: Double }

extension Array where Element: Priced {
    var totalPrice: Double { reduce(0) { $0 + $1.price } }
}

print([Item(price: 1.5), Item(price: 2.5)].totalPrice)

Restricciones de igualdad de tipos

extension Array where Element == String {
    func joinedUpper() -> String {
        map { $0.uppercased() }.joined(separator: "-")
    }
}

print(["a", "b", "c"].joinedUpper())

Cómo lo utiliza el compilador

struct Optional2<T> { let value: T? }
extension Optional2: Equatable where T: Equatable {
    static func == (l: Optional2, r: Optional2) -> Bool { l.value == r.value }
}
print(Optional2(value: 1) == Optional2(value: 1))

Comprobación rápida

Resumen