Enrutamiento y middleware en Express
Domine el enrutamiento de Express para definir endpoints de API e implementar middleware para procesar solicitudes.
Enrutamiento y middleware en Express es una lección gratuita de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp en CoddyKit. Esta es la lección 2 de 4. Puedes leer la lección completa abajo gratuitamente — luego la practicas en el navegador con un editor de código integrado y un tutor de IA 24/7. Forma parte de la ruta de aprendizaje de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp, y tu progreso se sincroniza en la web y la app de CoddyKit. El curso de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp incluye 4 lecciones en total.
Partes de esta lección aún no han sido traducidas y se muestran en inglés.
Routing Your Express API
Welcome back! In this lesson, we'll dive into routing and middleware in Express. These are core concepts for building powerful and organized web applications.
Routing helps your server understand what to do when it receives different requests, like showing a user profile or saving new data.
Defining Basic Routes
A route tells your Express app how to respond to a specific type of request to a particular URL path. You define routes using methods like app.get(), app.post(), app.put(), and app.delete().
Each route method takes a path and a handler function that executes when the route is matched.
First GET Route Example
Let's create a simple GET route that responds to requests at the root URL (/). This is often your homepage or a basic API status check.
The handler function receives req (request) and res (response) objects.
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello from our Express API!');
});
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});Handling Dynamic Route Parameters
Often, you need to capture dynamic values from the URL, like a user's ID. This is done with route parameters, denoted by a colon (:) in the path.
You can access these parameters through the req.params object in your route handler.
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;
app.get('/users/:userId', (req, res) => {
const userId = req.params.userId;
res.send(`You requested user ID: ${userId}`);
});
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});What is Middleware?
Middleware functions are functions that have access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next middleware function in the application’s request-response cycle.
They can:
- Execute any code.
- Make changes to the request and the response objects.
- End the request-response cycle.
- Call the next middleware function in the stack.
The 'next()' Function
The key to middleware is the next() function. If a middleware function does not end the request-response cycle (e.g., by calling res.send()), it must call next() to pass control to the next middleware function or route handler.
If next() is not called, the request will be left hanging.
Application-level Middleware
You can apply middleware globally to all requests using app.use(). This is great for tasks like logging, parsing JSON bodies, or setting common headers.
Let's create a simple logger that runs for every incoming request.
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;
// Application-level middleware
app.use((req, res, next) => {
console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
next(); // Don't forget to call next()
});
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('Check your server console for the log!');
});
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});Route-level Middleware
Sometimes, you only want middleware to run for specific routes. You can apply route-level middleware by passing it as an argument before the route handler function.
You can even chain multiple middleware functions for a single route.
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
const port = 3000;
// A simple authentication middleware
const isAuthenticated = (req, res, next) => {
if (req.headers.authorization === 'Bearer mysecrettoken') {
next(); // User is authenticated, proceed
} else {
res.status(401).send('Unauthorized: Invalid token');
}
};
// Apply isAuthenticated middleware only to this route
app.get('/dashboard', isAuthenticated, (req, res) => {
res.send('Welcome to the protected dashboard!');
});
app.get('/', (req, res) => {
res.send('Public content here.');
});
app.listen(port, () => {
console.log(`Server running on http://localhost:${port}`);
});Common Middleware Uses
Middleware is incredibly versatile. Here are some common use cases:
- Authentication/Authorization: Checking user credentials or permissions.
- Logging: Recording request details for debugging or monitoring.
- Body Parsing: Extracting JSON or URL-encoded data from request bodies (e.g.,
express.json()). - Error Handling: Catching and responding to errors (special middleware type).
- Input Validation: Ensuring request data meets specific criteria.
Middleware & Routing Check
Let's test your understanding of Express routing and middleware!
Recap: Routing & Middleware
Great job! You've learned how Express uses routing to direct requests to specific handlers based on URL paths and HTTP methods.
You also mastered middleware, powerful functions that can intercept and process requests at various stages, either globally with app.use() or for specific routes. Understanding these concepts is fundamental to building robust Express applications!
Preguntas frecuentes
¿La lección «Enrutamiento y middleware en Express» es gratis?
Sí — el texto completo de «Enrutamiento y middleware en Express» es gratis para leer aquí en la web. Para practicarla de forma interactiva (editor de código integrado y tutor de IA 24/7) y desbloquear el resto del curso de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp, actualiza a CoddyKit PRO. El curso de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp incluye 4 lecciones en total.
¿Qué aprenderé en «Enrutamiento y middleware en Express»?
Domine el enrutamiento de Express para definir endpoints de API e implementar middleware para procesar solicitudes. Practicas Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp con código real que ejecutas directamente en el navegador, y un tutor de IA 24/7 responde tus preguntas mientras trabajas en la lección.
¿Necesito experiencia previa para empezar Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp?
No se requiere experiencia previa. Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp en CoddyKit está estructurado para principiantes hasta estudiantes avanzados, así que puedes empezar aquí o desde el inicio y avanzar a tu ritmo. Esta es la lección 2 de 4.
¿Cuánto tiempo toma la lección «Enrutamiento y middleware en Express»?
La mayoría de las lecciones de CoddyKit toman alrededor de 5–10 minutos. Cada una es compacta e interactiva, así que avanzas constantemente y retomas exactamente por donde dejaste en la web y la app.
¿Puedo escribir y ejecutar código en esta lección de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp?
Sí. Cada lección de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp incluye un editor de código integrado, así que escribes y ejecutas código real directamente en tu navegador y obtienes retroalimentación instantánea de IA — sin configuración local necesaria.
Todas las lecciones de este curso
- Fundamentos del framework Express.js
- Enrutamiento y middleware en Express
- Diseño de endpoints de API RESTful
- Gestión de datos de solicitudes: body, query y params