NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs · Lección

Monitorización con Prometheus

Integre Prometheus para recopilar métricas y cree paneles para supervisar el rendimiento y el estado de su aplicación NestJS.

Monitorización con Prometheus es una lección gratuita de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs en CoddyKit. Esta es la lección 3 de 3. Puedes leer la lección completa abajo gratuitamente — luego la practicas en el navegador con un editor de código integrado y un tutor de IA 24/7. Forma parte de la ruta de aprendizaje de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs, y tu progreso se sincroniza en la web y la app de CoddyKit. El curso de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs incluye 3 lecciones en total.

Partes de esta lección aún no han sido traducidas y se muestran en inglés.

Why Monitor Your App?

Monitoring is crucial for understanding your application's health and performance. It helps you catch issues early, debug problems, and ensure a smooth user experience.

Performance: Is your API fast enough?
Availability: Is your service online and responding?
Errors: Are there unexpected failures?
Resource Usage: How much CPU, memory, or disk space is being used?

Without monitoring, you're flying blind!

Meet Prometheus

Prometheus is an open-source monitoring system designed for reliability and scalability. It collects metrics from your applications and infrastructure, storing them as time-series data.

Think of it as a vigilant observer, constantly gathering data points about your system's behavior over time.

Prometheus Architecture

Prometheus works by scraping (pulling) metrics from configured targets. Key components:

Prometheus Server: The core component that scrapes, stores, and queries metrics.
Exporters: Specialized agents that expose existing metrics from third-party systems (like databases, OS) in a Prometheus-compatible format.
Client Libraries: Integrate directly into application code to expose custom metrics (what we'll use in NestJS).
Grafana: A popular dashboard tool for visualizing Prometheus data.

NestJS & `nestjs-prometheus`

To integrate Prometheus with a NestJS application, we use the nestjs-prometheus library. It simplifies exposing metrics and creating custom ones.

This library acts as a bridge, allowing your NestJS app to generate and expose metrics that the Prometheus server can then scrape.

Setting Up `nestjs-prometheus`

First, install the package:

npm install --save @willsoto/nestjs-prometheus prom-client

Then, import PrometheusModule into your root module (e.g., AppModule) and configure it:

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { PrometheusModule } from '@willsoto/nestjs-prometheus';
import { AppController } from './app.controller';

@Module({
  imports: [
    PrometheusModule.register({
      path: '/metrics',
      collectDefaultMetrics: true
    })
  ],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [],
})
export class AppModule {}

Exposing Default HTTP Metrics

With collectDefaultMetrics: true, nestjs-prometheus automatically exposes basic Node.js process metrics. To also expose HTTP request metrics, you need to add an interceptor.

Update your main.ts to enable this:

import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';
import { PrometheusInterceptor } from '@willsoto/nestjs-prometheus';

async function bootstrap() {
  const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
  app.useGlobalInterceptors(new PrometheusInterceptor());
  await app.listen(3000);
  console.log('App is running on port 3000');
  // Access metrics at http://localhost:3000/metrics
}
bootstrap();

Custom Metrics: Counter

A Counter is a cumulative metric that represents a single monotonically increasing value. It can only go up or be reset to zero on restart. Use it for things like the total number of requests served, errors encountered, or items processed.

Here's how to inject and use a custom counter in a service:

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectMetric } from '@willsoto/nestjs-prometheus';
import { Counter } from 'prom-client';

@Injectable()
export class UserService {
  constructor(
    @InjectMetric('users_created_total') public usersCreatedCounter: Counter,
  ) {}

  createUser(name: string): string {
    // Logic to create a user...
    this.usersCreatedCounter.inc(); // Increment the counter
    return `User ${name} created`;
  }
}

Custom Metrics: Gauge

A Gauge is a metric that represents a single numerical value that can arbitrarily go up and down. Use it for things like current memory usage, number of concurrent requests, or the current queue size.

Let's track active connections with a Gauge:

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectMetric } from '@willsoto/nestjs-prometheus';
import { Gauge } from 'prom-client';

@Injectable()
export class ConnectionService {
  constructor(
    @InjectMetric('active_connections_count') public activeConnectionsGauge: Gauge,
  ) {}

  connectUser(): void {
    // User connects logic...
    this.activeConnectionsGauge.inc(); // Increment active connections
  }

  disconnectUser(): void {
    // User disconnects logic...
    this.activeConnectionsGauge.dec(); // Decrement active connections
  }
}

Other Metric Types

Prometheus also offers other metric types for more specific use cases:

Histogram: Samples observations (e.g., request durations) and counts them in configurable buckets. Useful for understanding distributions and percentiles.
Summary: Similar to Histogram but calculates configurable quantiles over a sliding time window. Good for latency.

For most common scenarios, Counters and Gauges are often sufficient.

Visualizing with Grafana

While Prometheus collects metrics, Grafana is typically used to visualize them. Grafana connects to Prometheus as a data source and allows you to build powerful, customizable dashboards.

You can create graphs, charts, and alerts based on the metrics exposed by your NestJS application, giving you real-time insights into its performance and health.

Quick Check

You've learned about setting up Prometheus monitoring in NestJS.

Recap: Monitoring with Prometheus

In this lesson, you learned the importance of monitoring and how Prometheus helps collect time-series metrics from your NestJS application.

We explored the Prometheus architecture and its components.
You saw how to integrate nestjs-prometheus to expose default and custom metrics.
We distinguished between Counter and Gauge metric types.
Finally, we touched on how Grafana is used for powerful visualization.

Monitoring is a vital practice for maintaining robust and performant applications!

Preguntas frecuentes

¿La lección «Monitorización con Prometheus» es gratis?

Sí — el texto completo de «Monitorización con Prometheus» es gratis para leer aquí en la web. Para practicarla de forma interactiva (editor de código integrado y tutor de IA 24/7) y desbloquear el resto del curso de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs, actualiza a CoddyKit PRO. El curso de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs incluye 3 lecciones en total.

¿Qué aprenderé en «Monitorización con Prometheus»?

Integre Prometheus para recopilar métricas y cree paneles para supervisar el rendimiento y el estado de su aplicación NestJS. Practicas NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs con código real que ejecutas directamente en el navegador, y un tutor de IA 24/7 responde tus preguntas mientras trabajas en la lección.

¿Necesito experiencia previa para empezar NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs?

No se requiere experiencia previa. NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs en CoddyKit está estructurado para principiantes hasta estudiantes avanzados, así que puedes empezar aquí o desde el inicio y avanzar a tu ritmo. Esta es la lección 3 de 3.

¿Cuánto tiempo toma la lección «Monitorización con Prometheus»?

La mayoría de las lecciones de CoddyKit toman alrededor de 5–10 minutos. Cada una es compacta e interactiva, así que avanzas constantemente y retomas exactamente por donde dejaste en la web y la app.

¿Puedo escribir y ejecutar código en esta lección de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs?

Sí. Cada lección de NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs incluye un editor de código integrado, así que escribes y ejecutas código real directamente en tu navegador y obtienes retroalimentación instantánea de IA — sin configuración local necesaria.

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