Sockets TCP cliente-servidor

TCP Sockets: Connection First

Why TCP is Reliable

TCP Server: The Listener

Creating a Python TCP Socket

import socket

def main():
    # Create a TCP/IP socket
    # AF_INET for IPv4, SOCK_STREAM for TCP
    tcp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    print("TCP socket created successfully!")
    tcp_socket.close()
    print("Socket closed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Server: Bind to Address & Port

import socket

def main():
    HOST = '127.0.0.1'  # Localhost
    PORT = 65432        # Port to listen on (non-privileged)

    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    try:
        server_socket.bind((HOST, PORT))
        server_socket.listen(1) # Allow 1 pending connection
        print(f"Server listening on {HOST}:{PORT}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error binding or listening: {e}")
    finally:
        server_socket.close()
        print("Server socket closed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Server: Accepting a Client

import socket

def main():
    HOST = '127.0.0.1'
    PORT = 65432

    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    server_socket.bind((HOST, PORT))
    server_socket.listen(1)
    print(f"Server waiting for connection on {HOST}:{PORT}...")

    # This will block until a client connects
    conn, addr = server_socket.accept()
    with conn: # Use 'with' for auto-closing the client socket
        print(f"Connected by client from {addr}")
        # In a real app, send/recv would happen here
        conn.sendall(b"Hello from server!") # Send some bytes
        print("Sent greeting to client.")
    server_socket.close()
    print("Server socket closed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

TCP Client: Initiating Connection

Client: Connecting to Server

import socket

def main():
    HOST = '127.0.0.1'  # Server's IP address
    PORT = 65432        # Server's port

    client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    try:
        print(f"Attempting to connect to server at {HOST}:{PORT}...")
        client_socket.connect((HOST, PORT))
        print("Successfully connected to the server!")
    except ConnectionRefusedError:
        print("Connection refused. Is the server running?")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Client connection error: {e}")
    finally:
        client_socket.close()
        print("Client socket closed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Sending & Receiving Data

import socket

def main():
    HOST = '127.0.0.1'
    PORT = 65432

    client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    try:
        client_socket.connect((HOST, PORT))
        message = "Hello from the client!"
        client_socket.sendall(message.encode('utf-8'))
        print(f"Client sent: '{message}'")

        data = client_socket.recv(1024) # Receive up to 1024 bytes
        if data:
            print(f"Client received: '{data.decode('utf-8')}'")
        else:
            print("Client received no data (server might have closed).")
    except ConnectionRefusedError:
        print("Connection refused. Please run the server example first!")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Client communication error: {e}")
    finally:
        client_socket.close()
        print("Client socket closed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

TCP Communication Flow

Recap: TCP Client-Server Sockets