useReducer para lógica de estado compleja
Sustituya varias llamadas a useState por un único useReducer, escriba una función reducer con tipos de acciones y envíe acciones desde eventos de la interfaz.
useReducer para lógica de estado compleja es una lección gratuita de React Native Academy en CoddyKit. Esta es la lección 2 de 4. Puedes leer la lección completa abajo gratuitamente — luego la practicas en el navegador con un editor de código integrado y un tutor de IA 24/7. Forma parte de la ruta de aprendizaje de React Native Academy, y tu progreso se sincroniza en la web y la app de CoddyKit. El curso de React Native Academy incluye 4 lecciones en total.
Partes de esta lección aún no han sido traducidas y se muestran en inglés.
Why useReducer?
When a component has several useState calls whose updates are interrelated, the logic can become hard to follow. useReducer centralizes all state transitions in a single reducer function, making complex state logic easier to understand, test, and debug — the same pattern made popular by Redux.
The Reducer Function
A reducer is a pure function that takes the current state and an action object, and returns the next state. It must be pure — no side effects, no API calls, no mutations of the incoming state object. Return a new object for the new state. The action.type string identifies what transition to perform.
function counterReducer(state, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case 'increment':
return { count: state.count + 1 };
case 'decrement':
return { count: state.count - 1 };
case 'reset':
return { count: 0 };
default:
return state;
}
}Calling useReducer
useReducer takes the reducer function and an initial state, and returns [state, dispatch]. The state is the current state value. The dispatch function sends an action to the reducer to trigger a state transition and schedule a re-render.
import { useReducer } from 'react';
const initialState = { count: 0 };
function Counter() {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(counterReducer, initialState);
return (
<View>
<Text>Count: {state.count}</Text>
<Button title='+' onPress={() => dispatch({ type: 'increment' })} />
<Button title='-' onPress={() => dispatch({ type: 'decrement' })} />
<Button title='Reset' onPress={() => dispatch({ type: 'reset' })} />
</View>
);
}Passing Payload with Actions
Actions can carry additional data in a payload property. The reducer reads action.payload to know the specifics of the transition. For example, an 'addItem' action can carry the new item's data in its payload, which the reducer appends to the state's items array.
function listReducer(state, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case 'addItem':
return { items: [...state.items, action.payload] };
case 'removeItem':
return { items: state.items.filter((i) => i.id !== action.payload.id) };
default:
return state;
}
}
// Dispatch with payload
dispatch({ type: 'addItem', payload: { id: '1', text: 'Buy milk' } });Managing a Shopping Cart
A shopping cart is a great real-world use case for useReducer because it involves multiple related state transitions: adding items, removing items, updating quantities, and clearing the cart. Each action type maps to a clear, testable transition in the reducer function.
const initialCartState = { items: [], total: 0 };
function cartReducer(state, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case 'ADD':
return {
items: [...state.items, action.payload],
total: state.total + action.payload.price,
};
case 'CLEAR':
return initialCartState;
default:
return state;
}
}Initializing State Lazily
Pass a third argument to useReducer — an init function — to compute the initial state lazily. React calls init(initialArg) instead of using initialArg directly. This is useful when the initial state is derived from a prop or requires an expensive computation.
function init(initialCount) {
return { count: initialCount };
}
function Counter({ startCount }) {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(
counterReducer,
startCount, // passed to init
init // called once on mount
);
}useReducer vs useState
Use useState for simple, independent values (a boolean, a string, a number). Reach for useReducer when state transitions depend on multiple values at once, when the next state depends on the current state in complex ways, or when you want to co-locate all state logic in one testable function.
// useState — fine for simple independent values
const [name, setName] = useState('');
const [age, setAge] = useState(0);
// useReducer — better when these fields relate to each other
const [userForm, dispatch] = useReducer(userFormReducer, {
name: '',
age: 0,
isValid: false,
});Form State with useReducer
A complex registration form with many fields and validation logic benefits from useReducer. Define action types like 'CHANGE_FIELD', 'VALIDATE', and 'SUBMIT'. The reducer handles all field updates and validation in one place instead of scattered across multiple useState setters and useEffect calls.
function formReducer(state, action) {
switch (action.type) {
case 'CHANGE_FIELD':
return {
...state,
values: { ...state.values, [action.field]: action.value },
errors: { ...state.errors, [action.field]: null },
};
case 'SET_ERROR':
return { ...state, errors: { ...state.errors, ...action.errors } };
default:
return state;
}
}Testing a Reducer in Isolation
Because reducers are pure functions with no side effects, they are extremely easy to unit test. Call the reducer directly with a state and an action, and assert on the returned state. You do not need to mount any component or mock any API to test the logic.
// Pure unit test — no React needed
test('increment action increases count by 1', () => {
const state = { count: 5 };
const next = counterReducer(state, { type: 'increment' });
expect(next.count).toBe(6);
});
test('reset returns count to 0', () => {
const state = { count: 100 };
const next = counterReducer(state, { type: 'reset' });
expect(next.count).toBe(0);
});Combining useReducer with useContext
A powerful pattern is pairing useReducer with useContext to build a mini Redux-like global store. Export the dispatch function via context so any descendant component can dispatch actions without prop drilling. This avoids installing a third-party library for moderate complexity apps.
const StoreContext = createContext(null);
const DispatchContext = createContext(null);
export function StoreProvider({ children }) {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(appReducer, initialState);
return (
<StoreContext.Provider value={state}>
<DispatchContext.Provider value={dispatch}>
{children}
</DispatchContext.Provider>
</StoreContext.Provider>
);
}Dispatching from Multiple Components
With the dispatch function available via context, any nested component can trigger state transitions without receiving props. Import the useContext(DispatchContext) hook, call dispatch with the appropriate action type, and the reducer handles the update centrally. This scales well as the app grows.
function AddToCartButton({ product }) {
const dispatch = useContext(DispatchContext);
return (
<Button
title='Add to Cart'
onPress={() => dispatch({ type: 'ADD', payload: product })}
/>
);
}Quick Check
Test your understanding of useReducer for complex state logic from this lesson.
Lesson Recap
In this lesson you learned: useReducer centralizes state transitions in a pure reducer function, dispatch actions with a type and optional payload to trigger transitions, and pair useReducer with useContext for a scalable global state pattern without Redux. Next up we explore useCallback and useMemo for performance optimization.
Preguntas frecuentes
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¿Qué aprenderé en «useReducer para lógica de estado compleja»?
Sustituya varias llamadas a useState por un único useReducer, escriba una función reducer con tipos de acciones y envíe acciones desde eventos de la interfaz. Practicas React Native Academy con código real que ejecutas directamente en el navegador, y un tutor de IA 24/7 responde tus preguntas mientras trabajas en la lección.
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Todas las lecciones de este curso
- useRef para nodos DOM y valores mutables
- useReducer para lógica de estado compleja
- useCallback y useMemo para el rendimiento
- Escritura de hooks personalizados