Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity · Lección

Yield farming y recompensas por staking

Yield farming y recompensas por staking es una lección gratuita de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity en CoddyKit. Esta es la lección 4 de 4. Puedes leer la lección completa abajo gratuitamente — luego la practicas en el navegador con un editor de código integrado y un tutor de IA 24/7. Forma parte de la ruta de aprendizaje de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity, y tu progreso se sincroniza en la web y la app de CoddyKit. El curso de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity incluye 4 lecciones en total.

Partes de esta lección aún no han sido traducidas y se muestran en inglés.

What Is Yield Farming?

Yield farming means depositing tokens into a protocol to earn additional token rewards. Users stake an asset, and the protocol distributes a reward token continuously over time to incentivize participation.

The Core Challenge

The hard part is fairly splitting rewards among many stakers who deposit and withdraw at different times, without looping over every user (which would be too gas-expensive).

The solution is the reward-per-token accumulator pattern.

Reward Per Token Idea

Track a single global accumulator: the total reward earned per staked token since the contract started. Each user stores a snapshot of this accumulator at their last interaction.

Their owed reward = stake amount times (current accumulator minus their snapshot).

State Variables

Set up the bookkeeping variables that drive the accounting.

uint256 public rewardRate;            // reward tokens per second
uint256 public lastUpdateTime;
uint256 public rewardPerTokenStored;
uint256 public totalStaked;

mapping(address => uint256) public balances;
mapping(address => uint256) public userRewardPerTokenPaid;
mapping(address => uint256) public rewards;

Computing Reward Per Token

The accumulator grows by the reward emitted since the last update, divided by the total staked.

function rewardPerToken() public view returns (uint256) {
    if (totalStaked == 0) return rewardPerTokenStored;
    uint256 elapsed = block.timestamp - lastUpdateTime;
    return rewardPerTokenStored + (elapsed * rewardRate * 1e18) / totalStaked;
}

Calculating Earned Rewards

A user's earned amount is their balance times the difference between the current accumulator and their last paid snapshot, plus anything already credited.

function earned(address account) public view returns (uint256) {
    uint256 diff = rewardPerToken() - userRewardPerTokenPaid[account];
    return (balances[account] * diff) / 1e18 + rewards[account];
}

The Update Modifier

Before any state-changing action, settle the user's pending rewards and refresh the global accumulator. A modifier keeps this consistent.

modifier updateReward(address account) {
    rewardPerTokenStored = rewardPerToken();
    lastUpdateTime = block.timestamp;
    if (account != address(0)) {
        rewards[account] = earned(account);
        userRewardPerTokenPaid[account] = rewardPerTokenStored;
    }
    _;
}

Staking Tokens

Staking pulls tokens from the user and increases their balance and the total. The modifier settles rewards first.

function stake(uint256 amount) external updateReward(msg.sender) {
    require(amount > 0, 'zero amount');
    totalStaked += amount;
    balances[msg.sender] += amount;
    stakingToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);
}

Withdrawing Stake

Withdrawal mirrors staking: settle rewards, decrease balances, then return the staked tokens.

function withdraw(uint256 amount) external updateReward(msg.sender) {
    require(balances[msg.sender] >= amount, 'too much');
    totalStaked -= amount;
    balances[msg.sender] -= amount;
    stakingToken.transfer(msg.sender, amount);
}

Claiming Rewards

Claiming sends accrued reward tokens to the user and resets their pending balance to zero.

function getReward() external updateReward(msg.sender) {
    uint256 reward = rewards[msg.sender];
    if (reward > 0) {
        rewards[msg.sender] = 0;
        rewardsToken.transfer(msg.sender, reward);
    }
}

Risks to Watch

Yield farming carries risks: impermanent loss when staking LP tokens, reward token inflation, and contract exploits. Always ensure the contract holds enough reward tokens to cover emissions and audit the math carefully.

Quick Check

Test your understanding of staking rewards.

Recap

You learned the staking rewards pattern used across DeFi:

A global reward-per-token accumulator
Per-user snapshots for O(1) accounting
An updateReward modifier settling state before stake, withdraw, and claim

This pattern fairly distributes continuous rewards while keeping gas costs low.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿La lección «Yield farming y recompensas por staking» es gratis?

Sí — el texto completo de «Yield farming y recompensas por staking» es gratis para leer aquí en la web. Para practicarla de forma interactiva (editor de código integrado y tutor de IA 24/7) y desbloquear el resto del curso de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity, actualiza a CoddyKit PRO. El curso de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity incluye 4 lecciones en total.

¿Qué aprenderé en «Yield farming y recompensas por staking»?

Comprenda cómo los contratos de recompensas de yield farming y staking de DeFi distribuyen tokens a lo largo del tiempo, incluido el patrón de contabilidad reward-per-token utilizado por los principa… Practicas Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity con código real que ejecutas directamente en el navegador, y un tutor de IA 24/7 responde tus preguntas mientras trabajas en la lección.

¿Necesito experiencia previa para empezar Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity?

No se requiere experiencia previa. Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity en CoddyKit está estructurado para principiantes hasta estudiantes avanzados, así que puedes empezar aquí o desde el inicio y avanzar a tu ritmo. Esta es la lección 4 de 4.

¿Cuánto tiempo toma la lección «Yield farming y recompensas por staking»?

La mayoría de las lecciones de CoddyKit toman alrededor de 5–10 minutos. Cada una es compacta e interactiva, así que avanzas constantemente y retomas exactamente por donde dejaste en la web y la app.

¿Puedo escribir y ejecutar código en esta lección de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity?

Sí. Cada lección de Blockchain Smart Contracts with Solidity incluye un editor de código integrado, así que escribes y ejecutas código real directamente en tu navegador y obtienes retroalimentación instantánea de IA — sin configuración local necesaria.

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