Praxisnahe Muster mit Union- und Intersection-Typen

Willkommen

Muster für optionale Nutzdaten

type Event =
  | { type: 'click'; x: number; y: number }
  | { type: 'keypress'; key: string }
  | { type: 'blur' };

Builder/Mixin mit Intersection

type Serializable = { serialize(): string };
type Validatable = { validate(): boolean };
type Model = Serializable & Validatable & { id: number };

Union zur Eingabenormalisierung

function toArray<T>(val: T | T[]): T[] {
  return Array.isArray(val) ? val : [val];
}

Branded Types mit Intersection

type UserId = number & { __brand: 'UserId' };
type PostId = number & { __brand: 'PostId' };
// Prevents accidentally mixing IDs

WithOptional-Muster

type RequiredFields = { id: number; email: string };
type OptionalFields = Partial<{ name: string; bio: string }>;
type UserUpdate = RequiredFields & OptionalFields;

Polymorphe Component-Props

type ButtonProps =
  | { variant: 'primary'; onClick: () => void }
  | { variant: 'link'; href: string };

Typen von Drittanbietern erweitern

import type { Request } from 'express';
type AuthRequest = Request & { user: User };

Union und Intersection kombinieren

type Admin = { role: 'admin' };
type User = { role: 'user' };
type LoggedIn = { sessionId: string };
type AuthUser = (Admin | User) & LoggedIn;

Typwächter für Union-Mitglieder

function isAdmin(u: AuthUser): u is Admin & LoggedIn {
  return u.role === 'admin';
}

Distributives Verhalten bei Intersections

type Base = { id: number };
type AB = Base & (string | number);
// equivalent to: (Base & string) | (Base & number)

Kurzer Test

Zusammenfassung