Use Cases und Application Services

Was ein Use Case wirklich ist

Command- und Result-DTOs

<?php
final class RegisterUserCommand
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $email,
        public readonly string $plainPassword,
    ) {}
}

final class RegisterUserResult
{
    public function __construct(public readonly string $userId) {}
}

Der Rumpf des Application Service

<?php
final class RegisterUser
{
    public function __construct(
        private Users $users,
        private PasswordHasher $hasher,
    ) {}

    public function __invoke(RegisterUserCommand $c): RegisterUserResult {
        if ($this->users->existsByEmail($c->email)) {
            throw new EmailAlreadyRegistered($c->email);
        }
        $user = User::register(
            UserId::generate(),
            new Email($c->email),
            $this->hasher->hash($c->plainPassword),
        );
        $this->users->add($user);
        return new RegisterUserResult((string) $user->id());
    }
}

Logik in Entitäten belassen

<?php
final class User
{
    private function __construct(
        private UserId $id,
        private Email $email,
        private string $passwordHash,
        private bool $active = false,
    ) {}

    public static function register(UserId $id, Email $e, string $hash): self {
        return new self($id, $e, $hash); // invariants enforced here
    }
    public function activate(): void {
        if ($this->active) throw new AlreadyActive();
        $this->active = true;
    }
    public function id(): UserId { return $this->id; }
}

Transaktionsgrenzen

<?php
interface TransactionManager {
    public function transactional(callable $work): mixed;
}

final class TransactionalRegisterUser
{
    public function __construct(
        private RegisterUser $inner,
        private TransactionManager $tx,
    ) {}

    public function __invoke(RegisterUserCommand $c): RegisterUserResult {
        return $this->tx->transactional(fn() => ($this->inner)($c));
    }
}

Validierung: Wo sie hingehört

<?php
final class Email
{
    public function __construct(public readonly string $value) {
        if (!filter_var($value, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Invalid email: $value");
        }
    }
}

try { new Email('nope'); } catch (Throwable $e) { echo $e->getMessage(), PHP_EOL; }
echo (new Email('a@b.com'))->value, PHP_EOL;

Ausgabe ohne HTTP zurückgeben

<?php
interface RegisterUserOutput {
    public function present(RegisterUserResult $r): void;
}

final class RegisterUserWithPresenter {
    public function __construct(private Users $users, private PasswordHasher $h) {}
    public function __invoke(RegisterUserCommand $c, RegisterUserOutput $out): void {
        $user = User::register(UserId::generate(), new Email($c->email), $this->h->hash($c->plainPassword));
        $this->users->add($user);
        $out->present(new RegisterUserResult((string) $user->id()));
    }
}

Domänenereignisse aus Use Cases

<?php
trait RecordsEvents {
    private array $events = [];
    protected function record(object $e): void { $this->events[] = $e; }
    public function releaseEvents(): array {
        $e = $this->events; $this->events = []; return $e;
    }
}

final class UserRegistered {
    public function __construct(public readonly string $userId) {}
}

// Use case calls $user->releaseEvents() and hands them to a dispatcher
echo 'event recorded pattern', PHP_EOL;

Eine Klasse pro Use Case

Verdrahtung im Composition Root

<?php
$pdo      = new PDO('sqlite::memory:');
$users    = new PdoUsers($pdo);
$hasher   = new BcryptHasher();
$register = new RegisterUser($users, $hasher);

// Decorate with a transaction boundary
$register = new TransactionalRegisterUser($register, new PdoTransactionManager($pdo));

// Driving adapter calls it
$result = $register(new RegisterUserCommand('dev@coddykit.com', 's3cret!'));
echo $result->userId, PHP_EOL;

Querschnittliche Belange über Dekoratoren

<?php
interface RegisterUserHandler {
    public function __invoke(RegisterUserCommand $c): RegisterUserResult;
}

final class LoggingRegisterUser implements RegisterUserHandler {
    public function __construct(
        private RegisterUserHandler $inner,
        private LoggerInterface $log,
    ) {}
    public function __invoke(RegisterUserCommand $c): RegisterUserResult {
        $this->log->info('register.start', ['email' => $c->email]);
        $r = ($this->inner)($c);
        $this->log->info('register.ok', ['id' => $r->userId]);
        return $r;
    }
}

Kurzprüfung

Zusammenfassung