useCallback und useMemo für Performance
Memoisieren Sie Callback-Funktionen mit useCallback, um unnötige Renderings untergeordneter Komponenten zu vermeiden, und cachen Sie aufwendige berechnete Werte mit useMemo.
useCallback und useMemo für Performance ist eine kostenlose React Native Academy-Lektion auf CoddyKit. Dies ist Lektion 3 von 4. Du kannst die komplette Lektion unten kostenlos lesen – dann übst du sie direkt im Browser mit einem integrierten Code-Editor und einem KI-Tutor rund um die Uhr. Sie ist Teil des React Native Academy-Lernpfads, und dein Fortschritt wird über Web und CoddyKit-App synchronisiert. Der React Native Academy-Kurs umfasst insgesamt 4 Lektionen.
Teile dieser Lektion wurden noch nicht übersetzt und werden auf Englisch angezeigt.
The Re-Render Problem
Every time a component re-renders in React, all values created inside the function body are recreated. This includes objects, arrays, and most importantly — functions. If a recreated function or value is passed as a prop to a child component, the child sees a new reference and re-renders, even when the logical value has not changed.
What is useCallback?
useCallback(fn, deps) returns a memoized version of the callback function that only changes if one of the dependencies has changed. Wrapping a callback in useCallback preserves the same function reference across renders, preventing unnecessary re-renders in child components that receive it as a prop.
import { useCallback } from 'react';
function Parent() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
// handlePress is the SAME function reference between renders
// as long as count does not change
const handlePress = useCallback(() => {
console.log('Pressed, count is:', count);
}, [count]);
return <Child onPress={handlePress} />;
}useCallback with React.memo
useCallback is most effective when paired with React.memo on the child component. Without React.memo the child re-renders anyway regardless of prop reference equality. The combination of React.memo on the child and useCallback on the parent callback prevents re-renders when neither the behavior nor the data has changed.
const ChildButton = React.memo(({ onPress, label }) => (
<Button title={label} onPress={onPress} />
));
function Parent() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
const [text, setText] = useState('');
// ChildButton will NOT re-render when text changes
const handleCount = useCallback(() => setCount(c => c + 1), []);
return (
<>
<TextInput value={text} onChangeText={setText} />
<ChildButton label='Count' onPress={handleCount} />
</>
);
}What is useMemo?
useMemo(computeFn, deps) memoizes the result of an expensive computation. React calls computeFn on the first render and caches its return value. On subsequent renders it returns the cached value unless a dependency has changed. This avoids repeating heavy calculations every render.
import { useMemo } from 'react';
function ProductList({ products, category }) {
// Only recomputes when products or category changes
const filtered = useMemo(
() => products.filter((p) => p.category === category),
[products, category]
);
return <FlatList data={filtered} renderItem={renderItem} />;
}useMemo for Stable Object References
Objects and arrays created inline in JSX are new references on every render. If passed to a memoized child, they defeat memoization. Wrap them in useMemo to create a stable reference that only changes when the underlying data changes. This is especially important for style arrays and config objects.
function Chart({ data, color }) {
// New object on every render without useMemo
const chartConfig = useMemo(() => ({
backgroundColor: color,
dataPoints: data.map((d) => d.value),
}), [data, color]);
return <ChartComponent config={chartConfig} />;
}Dependency Arrays: Getting Them Right
Both useCallback and useMemo require accurate dependency arrays. Include every value from the component scope that is used inside the memoized function or computation. Missing a dependency causes the memoized value to use a stale closure; listing too many causes unnecessary recomputation. ESLint's exhaustive-deps rule helps enforce correctness.
// Wrong: missing userId dependency — stale closure bug
const fetchUser = useCallback(() => fetch('/user/' + userId), []);
// Correct: userId is listed
const fetchUser = useCallback(() => fetch('/user/' + userId), [userId]);When NOT to Use useCallback
useCallback has a cost: React stores the function in memory and checks the dependency array on every render. For simple handlers that are not passed to memoized children, the overhead of useCallback exceeds the benefit. Use it selectively — only when the child component is wrapped in React.memo and props equality matters for performance.
// Unnecessary: Button re-renders anyway; no child is memoized
const handlePress = useCallback(() => setVisible(true), []);
// Fine without useCallback in this case
const handlePress = () => setVisible(true);useMemo for Expensive Transformations
Use useMemo when a computation takes noticeable time — sorting large arrays, parsing complex data, running statistical calculations. The rule of thumb: if the computation takes more than a millisecond and runs on every render, consider memoizing it. For trivial operations (adding two numbers), the memoization overhead is larger than the computation itself.
const sortedAndFiltered = useMemo(() => {
return items
.filter((item) => item.status === selectedStatus)
.sort((a, b) => b.createdAt - a.createdAt)
.slice(0, 100);
}, [items, selectedStatus]);useCallback for renderItem in FlatList
Wrapping the renderItem function of a FlatList in useCallback prevents a new function reference from being created on every parent render, which would cause every visible FlatList row to re-render. This is one of the most impactful performance wins in list-heavy React Native apps.
const renderItem = useCallback(({ item }) => (
<ProductCard
product={item}
onPress={handleSelectProduct}
/>
), [handleSelectProduct]); // handleSelectProduct also memoized
<FlatList
data={products}
renderItem={renderItem}
keyExtractor={(item) => item.id}
/>Measuring the Impact
Before adding memoization everywhere, measure the actual impact using the React DevTools Profiler. Record an interaction, look at the flame chart to identify components that re-render unnecessarily, and only add useCallback or useMemo where the profiler shows a real bottleneck. Premature optimization adds code complexity with no measurable benefit.
Summary Comparison
Remember the key difference: useCallback memoizes a function (prevents recreating the function reference), while useMemo memoizes a computed value (prevents re-running an expensive calculation). Both accept a dependency array and only recompute when the listed dependencies change.
// useCallback — memoize a function
const fn = useCallback(() => doSomething(a, b), [a, b]);
// useMemo — memoize a computed value
const val = useMemo(() => computeExpensive(a, b), [a, b]);
// Relationship: useCallback(fn, deps) === useMemo(() => fn, deps)Quick Check
Test your understanding of useCallback and useMemo for performance from this lesson.
Lesson Recap
In this lesson you learned: useCallback memoizes a function reference to prevent unnecessary child re-renders, useMemo memoizes an expensive computed value to skip re-calculation on every render, and both work best when combined with React.memo and accurate dependency arrays. Next up we explore writing custom hooks to share stateful logic between components.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
Ist die Lektion „useCallback und useMemo für Performance“ kostenlos?
Ja — der vollständige Text von „useCallback und useMemo für Performance“ ist hier im Web kostenlos zu lesen. Um sie interaktiv zu üben (integrierter Code-Editor und 24/7 KI-Tutor) und den Rest des React Native Academy-Kurses freizuschalten, upgrade auf CoddyKit PRO. Der React Native Academy-Kurs umfasst insgesamt 4 Lektionen.
Was lerne ich in „useCallback und useMemo für Performance“?
Memoisieren Sie Callback-Funktionen mit useCallback, um unnötige Renderings untergeordneter Komponenten zu vermeiden, und cachen Sie aufwendige berechnete Werte mit useMemo. Du übst React Native Academy mit praktischem Code, den du direkt im Browser ausführst, und ein 24/7 KI-Tutor beantwortet deine Fragen während du die Lektion bearbeitest.
Brauche ich Erfahrung, um React Native Academy zu starten?
Keine Vorkenntnisse erforderlich. React Native Academy auf CoddyKit ist für Anfänger bis fortgeschrittene Lernende strukturiert, sodass du hier starten oder von Anfang an beginnen und in deinem eigenen Tempo voranschreiten kannst. Dies ist Lektion 3 von 4.
Wie lange dauert die Lektion „useCallback und useMemo für Performance“?
Die meisten CoddyKit-Lektionen dauern etwa 5–10 Minuten. Jede ist kompakt und interaktiv, sodass du stetig Fortschritte machst und genau dort weitermachst, wo du aufgehört hast – im Web und in der App.
Kann ich in dieser React Native Academy-Lektion Code schreiben und ausführen?
Ja. Jede React Native Academy-Lektion enthält einen integrierten Code-Editor, sodass du echten Code direkt in deinem Browser schreibst und ausführst und sofort KI-Feedback erhältst — ohne lokale Einrichtung erforderlich.
Alle Lektionen in diesem Kurs
- useRef für DOM-Knoten und veränderliche Werte
- useReducer für komplexe State-Logik
- useCallback und useMemo für Performance
- Benutzerdefinierte Hooks schreiben