Warum strukturiertes Logging

Das Problem mit println

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Crude: no level, no timestamp, always on
        System.out.println("User logged in");
    }
}

Was Logging-Frameworks bieten

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // A framework would render: time, level, logger, thread, message
        String simulated = "2026-01-01 10:00:00 INFO  c.e.App [main] - User logged in";
        System.out.println(simulated);
    }
}

Log-Level erklärt

public class Main {
    enum Level { TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Level threshold = Level.INFO;
        for (Level l : Level.values()) {
            boolean shown = l.ordinal() >= threshold.ordinal();
            System.out.println(l + " visible? " + shown);
        }
    }
}

Filtern nach Schwellwert

public class Main {
    enum Level { TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR }
    static void log(Level threshold, Level level, String msg) {
        if (level.ordinal() >= threshold.ordinal()) {
            System.out.println(level + " - " + msg);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Level t = Level.WARN;
        log(t, Level.DEBUG, "hidden detail");
        log(t, Level.ERROR, "shown error");
    }
}

Strukturiert vs unstrukturiert

import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Structured context as key-value pairs
        Map<String, Object> fields = Map.of("event", "login", "userId", 42, "ok", true);
        System.out.println(fields);
    }
}

Die Facade-Idee

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Concept: your code calls a facade interface, not a concrete logger
        System.out.println("App -> SLF4J facade -> Logback backend");
    }
}

Warum nicht einfach ein boolesches Flag verwenden?

public class Main {
    static final boolean DEBUG = false;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Inflexible: one global switch, scattered checks
        if (DEBUG) System.out.println("diagnostic");
        System.out.println("A framework controls this per logger instead");
    }
}

Überlegungen zur Performance

public class Main {
    static String expensive() {
        System.out.println("(building expensive string)");
        return "big report";
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean debugEnabled = false;
        // Only build the message if it will actually be logged
        if (debugEnabled) System.out.println(expensive());
        System.out.println("skipped expensive work");
    }
}

Zentralisiertes Output-Routing

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] appenders = {"CONSOLE", "ROLLING_FILE", "JSON_HTTP"};
        for (String a : appenders) System.out.println("route logs to: " + a);
    }
}

Korrelation und Kontext

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, String> mdc = new HashMap<>();
        mdc.put("requestId", "req-1234");
        System.out.println("All logs in this request tagged with " + mdc);
    }
}

Der Plan

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Next: SLF4J facade and loggers");
    }
}

Kurzer Test

Zusammenfassung

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Structured logging recap complete");
    }
}