Push-Benachrichtigungen

Was sind Push-Benachrichtigungen?

FCM-Überblick

Firebase zum Projekt hinzufügen

// project/build.gradle:
buildscript {
    dependencies { classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.1' }
}

// app/build.gradle:
plugins { id 'com.google.gms.google-services' }

dependencies {
    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:32.7.4')
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging-ktx'
}

FCM-Berechtigung (Android 13+)

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"/>

// In Activity (Android 13+):
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
    requestPermissionLauncher.launch(android.Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS)
}

FirebaseMessagingService

class MyFirebaseService : FirebaseMessagingService() {

    override fun onNewToken(token: String) {
        // Send token to your backend to enable push delivery
        sendTokenToServer(token)
    }

    override fun onMessageReceived(message: RemoteMessage) {
        val title = message.notification?.title ?: "New Message"
        val body  = message.notification?.body  ?: ""
        showNotification(title, body)
    }
}

Service im Manifest registrieren

<service
    android:name=".MyFirebaseService"
    android:exported="false">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT" />
    </intent-filter>
</service>

Benachrichtigungskanäle (Android 8+)

fun createNotificationChannel(context: Context) {
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
        val channel = NotificationChannel(
            "messages_channel",           // channel ID
            "Messages",                   // user-visible name
            NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH
        ).apply {
            description = "Incoming message notifications"
            enableVibration(true)
        }
        val manager = context.getSystemService(NotificationManager::class.java)
        manager.createNotificationChannel(channel)
    }
}

Benachrichtigung erstellen und anzeigen

fun showNotification(context: Context, title: String, body: String) {
    val intent = Intent(context, MainActivity::class.java)
    val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
        context, 0, intent,
        PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT or PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE
    )

    val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(context, "messages_channel")
        .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification)
        .setContentTitle(title)
        .setContentText(body)
        .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_HIGH)
        .setAutoCancel(true)             // dismiss on tap
        .setContentIntent(pendingIntent) // open app on tap
        .build()

    NotificationManagerCompat.from(context)
        .notify(System.currentTimeMillis().toInt(), notification)
}

Benachrichtigung mit Aktionen

val replyIntent = Intent(context, ReplyReceiver::class.java)
val replyPending = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
    context, 1, replyIntent,
    PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT or PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE
)

val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(context, "messages_channel")
    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification)
    .setContentTitle("New message from Alice")
    .setContentText("Hey, are you coming?")
    .addAction(R.drawable.ic_reply, "Reply", replyPending)
    .addAction(R.drawable.ic_dismiss, "Dismiss", null)
    .build()

Verarbeitung im Vorder- und Hintergrund

FCM-Token abrufen

FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().token.addOnCompleteListener { task ->
    if (!task.isSuccessful) {
        Log.w("FCM", "Fetching token failed", task.exception)
        return@addOnCompleteListener
    }
    val token = task.result
    Log.d("FCM", "Token: $token")
    // Send token to your server
    sendTokenToServer(token)
}

Kurzer Check

Zusammenfassung: Push-Benachrichtigungen