Loading, Error, Empty States & Skeletons
Plan for loading, error, empty, and success; show skeletons while loading and keep messages clear on small screens.
Why multiple states
Goal: Cover all data states for a smooth UX.
- Loading: show skeletons
- Error: short, helpful text
- Empty: explain and suggest next action
- Success: render list or detail
Skeleton basics
Skeletons hint at layout while data loads. Keep them light, not flashy, and avoid layout shift when content arrives.
All lessons in this course
- Loading, Error, Empty States & Skeletons
- Retry/Backoff Ideas & Request Cancellation
- Intro to Fetch Helpers (No Heavy Libs)