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Python Academy · Lesson

Regex Fundamentals

Learn metacharacters, character classes, quantifiers, and anchors.

Regex Fundamentals is a free Python Academy lesson on CoddyKit — lesson 1 of 4. You can read the complete lesson below for free — then practise it hands-on in the browser with a built-in code editor and a 24/7 AI tutor. It is part of the Python Academy learning path, one of 4 lessons in the course, and your progress syncs across the web and the CoddyKit app.

Introduction

Regular expressions are patterns for matching text. Python's re module provides the tools to use them.

What is a Regex?

A regex is a sequence of characters forming a search pattern. r'\d+' matches one or more digits.
import re
print(re.findall(r'\d+', 'abc 123 def 456'))

Literal Characters

Most characters match themselves: r'cat' matches the string 'cat' literally.
import re
print(re.search(r'cat', 'the cat sat'))

Dot (.) Wildcard

The dot . matches any character except newline. r'c.t' matches 'cat', 'cut', 'c9t'.
import re
print(re.findall(r'c.t', 'cat cut c9t caaat'))

Character Classes

[aeiou] matches any vowel. [a-z] matches any lowercase letter. [^abc] matches anything NOT in {a,b,c}.
import re
print(re.findall(r'[aeiou]', 'hello world'))

Quantifiers

* zero or more. + one or more. ? zero or one. {3} exactly 3. {2,4} between 2 and 4.
import re
print(re.findall(r'\d{2,4}', '1 12 123 1234 12345'))

Anchors

^ matches start of string. $ matches end. \b matches a word boundary.
import re
print(re.findall(r'^\w+', 'hello world'))
print(re.findall(r'\b\w{4}\b', 'cat cats come home'))

Shorthand Classes

\d = digit [0-9]. \w = word char [a-zA-Z0-9_]. \s = whitespace. Uppercase versions are negations: \D, \W, \S.
import re
print(re.findall(r'\w+', 'hello, world!'))

Alternation |

r'cat|dog' matches either 'cat' or 'dog'. Parentheses group: r'(cat|dog)s' matches 'cats' or 'dogs'.
import re
print(re.findall(r'cat|dog', 'I have a cat and a dog'))

Greedy vs Lazy

.* is greedy — matches as much as possible. .*? is lazy — matches as little as possible.
import re
html = '<b>bold</b> and <i>italic</i>'
print(re.findall(r'<.*>', html))   # greedy
print(re.findall(r'<.*?>', html))  # lazy

Raw Strings for Regex

Always use r'...' for regex patterns to avoid double-backslash escaping: r'\d' instead of '\\d'.
import re
# Without r: '\\d+' is needed
# With r:    '\d+' is sufficient
print(re.findall(r'\d+', 'abc123'))

Quick Check

What does the \b anchor match in a regular expression?

Recap

Regex basics: . (any char), [] (class), * + ? {} (quantifiers), ^ $ \b (anchors), \d \w \s (shorthand), | (alternation), greedy vs lazy. Always use r'' strings.

Keep Going

Great work! The next lesson awaits.

Frequently asked questions

Is the “Regex Fundamentals” lesson free?

Yes — the full text of “Regex Fundamentals” is free to read here on the web, and the Python Academy course includes 4 lessons in total. To practise it interactively (a built-in code editor and a 24/7 AI tutor) and unlock the rest of the Python Academy course, upgrade to CoddyKit PRO.

What will I learn in “Regex Fundamentals”?

Learn metacharacters, character classes, quantifiers, and anchors. You practise Python Academy with hands-on code you run directly in the browser, and a 24/7 AI tutor answers your questions as you work through the lesson.

Do I need any experience to start Python Academy?

No prior experience is required. Python Academy on CoddyKit is structured for beginners through advanced learners; this is — lesson 1 of 4, so you can start here or from the beginning and move at your own pace.

How long does the “Regex Fundamentals” lesson take?

Most CoddyKit lessons take about 5–10 minutes. Each one is bite-sized and interactive, so you make steady progress and pick up exactly where you left off across the web and the app.

Can I write and run code in this Python Academy lesson?

Yes. Every Python Academy lesson includes a built-in code editor, so you write and run real code right in your browser and get instant AI feedback — no local setup required.

All lessons in this course

  1. Regex Fundamentals
  2. Using re.match, re.search, re.findall
  3. Groups and Named Captures
  4. re.sub, Flags, and Compiled Patterns
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