Sharding and Distributed PostgreSQL

As your PostgreSQL database grows, a single server can eventually hit its limits. This is known as vertical scaling (making the server more powerful by adding more RAM, CPU, or faster storage).

But what happens when you've maximized resources on one machine? You need to scale horizontally, across multiple servers, to handle ever-increasing data and traffic.

Sharding is a technique to horizontally partition a large database into smaller, more manageable pieces called shards. Each shard is a separate database instance, often running on its own server.

• Each shard holds a subset of the total data.
• Queries can run against specific shards.
• It distributes workload and storage.