Star and Bus Topology Basics

A topology is the shape or pattern in which devices on a network are connected. It describes how cables run and how data moves between machines. Choosing a topology affects three big things: cost, speed, and reliability. In this lesson you will compare the two oldest and most basic layouts: the star and the bus. Understanding them builds the foundation for the more advanced ring and mesh designs you will meet next.

In a star topology, every device connects to one central point, usually a switch (a device that forwards data on a LAN, or Local Area Network). No device talks directly to another; all traffic passes through the center. This is the layout you see in almost every modern home and office network. Each cable run goes from a single device to the central switch, forming a star shape when drawn out.