DNS Configuration and Troubleshooting
Understand how Linux servers resolve hostnames to IP addresses: configure resolvers, edit /etc/hosts, and use dig, nslookup, and host to diagnose DNS problems that break connectivity even when the network is fine.
Why DNS Matters on a Server
Your server can have perfect network and firewall settings yet still fail to reach the outside world if it cannot resolve names. DNS translates human-friendly hostnames like example.com into IP addresses.
Knowing how resolution works — and how to debug it — is essential network skill.
The Resolution Path
When a program needs an IP for a name, Linux checks sources in order, typically:
- The local
/etc/hostsfile - Configured DNS servers (resolvers)
The order is governed by /etc/nsswitch.conf on the hosts: line.
grep hosts /etc/nsswitch.conf
# hosts: files dnsAll lessons in this course
- Basic Network Configuration
- Understanding Firewalls (UFW/firewalld)
- Port Management & Security
- DNS Configuration and Troubleshooting