Universal Functions (ufuncs)
Apply built-in element-wise functions such as np.sqrt, np.abs, np.exp, and np.log to arrays without writing loops.
What Are ufuncs?
Universal functions (ufuncs) run a math operation on every element of an array at once, in fast compiled C — far quicker than a Python loop. ⚡
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1.0, 4.0, 9.0, 16.0])
print(np.sqrt(a)) # [1. 2. 3. 4.]
# Equivalent Python loop would be hundreds of times slowerMath ufuncs: sqrt, exp, log
All your favourite math functions are ufuncs: np.sqrt, np.exp, np.log, and more. They apply to whole arrays at once and handle edge cases gracefully.
import numpy as np
a = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0])
print(np.exp(a)) # [1. 2.718 7.389 20.086]
print(np.log(np.exp(a))) # [0. 1. 2. 3.]
print(np.log2(np.array([1, 2, 4, 8]))) # [0. 1. 2. 3.]All lessons in this course
- Universal Functions (ufuncs)
- Aggregation Functions
- Broadcasting Rules
- Boolean Masking and Fancy Indexing