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Excel Formulas Academy · Lesson

How the IF Function Thinks

Learn the test, value-if-true, and value-if-false structure of IF.

Meet the IF Function

So far your formulas always gave the same kind of answer. The IF function lets a spreadsheet decide between two outcomes based on a question.

Think of it like a fork in the road: if something is true, go one way; otherwise, go the other way. This single idea powers grading, status labels, discounts, and much more.

The Three Parts of IF

Every IF formula has exactly three pieces, separated by commas:

  • The test — a question that is either true or false
  • Value if true — what to show when the test passes
  • Value if false — what to show when it fails

In plain words: IF (this is true), show this, otherwise show that.

=IF(test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

All lessons in this course

  1. How the IF Function Thinks
  2. Comparing Values With Operators
  3. Returning Text or Numbers From IF
  4. Common IF Mistakes to Avoid
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