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Excel Formulas Academy · Lesson

Changing Case With UPPER, LOWER, PROPER

Standardize capitalization across your text values.

Why Capitalization Matters

Imported data is often inconsistent: JOHN smith, mary JONES, aLeX lee. Mixed capitalization looks unprofessional and can break comparisons and lookups.

Three simple functions fix this instantly:

  • UPPER makes everything uppercase
  • LOWER makes everything lowercase
  • PROPER capitalizes the first letter of each word

Each takes a single piece of text and returns a re-cased copy.

Making Text Uppercase

UPPER converts every letter in a string to a capital letter. Numbers and symbols are left unchanged.

The shape is =UPPER(text). If A2 holds shoe-4471, the formula returns SHOE-4471.

This is handy for product codes, country codes, and abbreviations that should always be capitals.

=UPPER(A2)

All lessons in this course

  1. Merging Text With CONCAT
  2. Joining With Separators Using TEXTJOIN
  3. Changing Case With UPPER, LOWER, PROPER
  4. Replacing Text With SUBSTITUTE
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