Digital Signatures and Certificates
Understand how digital signatures prove authenticity and how X.509 certificates bind identity to keys.
What are Digital Signatures?
A digital signature proves that a document or message was created by a specific private key holder and has not been modified. Unlike a handwritten signature, it is mathematically bound to the content — any change invalidates the signature.
How Signing Works
Signing process:
- Hash the document:
H = SHA256(document) - Encrypt the hash with the private key:
sig = RSA_encrypt(H, private_key) - Attach the signature to the document
Verification: decrypt sig with public key, recompute hash, compare.
All lessons in this course
- Symmetric Encryption: AES and Stream Ciphers
- Asymmetric Encryption: RSA and Elliptic Curves
- Hash Functions: SHA-256 and Beyond
- Digital Signatures and Certificates