Building a RESTful API

A RESTful API (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface) is a standard way for computer systems to communicate over the web.

It uses standard HTTP methods (like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to perform actions on resources, which are specific pieces of data or functionality.

Key principles include:

• Resources: Everything is a resource (e.g., a user, a product).
• Statelessness: Each request from a client to server must contain all information needed to understand the request.
• Uniform Interface: A consistent way to interact with resources.

For this lesson, we'll build a simple Task Manager API. This API will allow us to:

• Create new tasks.
• List all tasks.
• Retrieve a specific task.
• Update an existing task.
• Delete a task.

We'll focus on handling JSON data, basic authentication, and input validation.