Learn AI with Python · Lesson

Broadcasting and Vectorized Operations

How broadcasting works, element-wise operations, avoiding loops with vectorization.

Why Vectorize?

NumPy operates on whole arrays at C speed. Replacing Python loops with array expressions, called vectorization, is often 10 to 100 times faster.

Arithmetic operators apply element by element when shapes match. No loop required.

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([10, 20, 30])
print(a + b)   # [11 22 33]
print(a * b)   # [10 40 90]