المكوّنات العامة وأنواع الأدوات

لماذا المكوّنات العامة؟

قائمة عامة بسيطة

interface ListProps<T> {
  items: T[];
  renderItem: (item: T, index: number) => React.ReactNode;
  keyExtractor: (item: T) => string;
}

function List<T>({ items, renderItem, keyExtractor }: ListProps<T>) {
  return (
    <ul>
      {items.map((item, i) => (
        <li key={keyExtractor(item)}>{renderItem(item, i)}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

تقييد الأنواع العامة

interface SelectProps<T extends { id: string; label: string }> {
  options: T[];
  value: T | null;
  onChange: (option: T) => void;
}

function Select<T extends { id: string; label: string }>(
  { options, value, onChange }: SelectProps<T>
) {
  return (
    <select value={value?.id} onChange={e => onChange(options.find(o => o.id === e.target.value)!)}>
      {options.map(o => <option key={o.id} value={o.id}>{o.label}</option>)}
    </select>
  );
}

PropsWithChildren

function Card({ title, children }: React.PropsWithChildren<{ title: string }>) {
  return (
    <div className="card">
      <h2>{title}</h2>
      {children}
    </div>
  );
}

ComponentProps

import { Button } from './Button';

type ExtendedButtonProps = React.ComponentProps<typeof Button> & {
  loading?: boolean;
};

function LoadingButton({ loading, children, ...props }: ExtendedButtonProps) {
  return (
    <Button {...props} disabled={loading || props.disabled}>
      {loading ? <Spinner /> : children}
    </Button>
  );
}

ComponentPropsWithoutRef

type InputProps = React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<'input'> & {
  label: string;
  error?: string;
};

function FormInput({ label, error, ...inputProps }: InputProps) {
  return (
    <div>
      <label>{label}</label>
      <input {...inputProps} />
      {error && <span className="error">{error}</span>}
    </div>
  );
}

Omit وPick

interface UserCardProps {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  email: string;
  avatar: string;
  role: string;
}

// Only expose non-sensitive fields:
type PublicUserCardProps = Omit<UserCardProps, 'email' | 'role'>;
// Or pick exactly what you need:
type AvatarProps = Pick<UserCardProps, 'name' | 'avatar'>;

Partial وRequired

interface UserFormData { name: string; email: string; bio: string; }

// For update: only send changed fields
type UserUpdatePayload = Partial<UserFormData>;

// For create: all fields are mandatory
type UserCreatePayload = Required<UserFormData>;

Record للقواميس محدّدة الأنواع

type Status = 'idle' | 'loading' | 'success' | 'error';

const statusLabels: Record<Status, string> = {
  idle: 'Ready',
  loading: 'Loading...',
  success: 'Done!',
  error: 'Something went wrong',
};

ReturnType لأنواع hooks

function useCounter(initial: number) {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(initial);
  return { count, increment: () => setCount(c => c + 1) };
}

type CounterHook = ReturnType<typeof useCounter>;
// { count: number; increment: () => void }

مكوّن جدول عام

interface Column<T> {
  key: keyof T;
  header: string;
  render?: (value: T[keyof T], row: T) => React.ReactNode;
}

function DataTable<T extends object>({ data, columns }: { data: T[]; columns: Column<T>[] }) {
  return (
    <table>
      <thead><tr>{columns.map(c => <th key={String(c.key)}>{c.header}</th>)}</tr></thead>
      <tbody>{data.map((row, i) => (
        <tr key={i}>{columns.map(c => <td key={String(c.key)}>{c.render ? c.render(row[c.key], row) : String(row[c.key])}</td>)}</tr>
      ))}</tbody>
    </table>
  );
}

تحقق سريع

مراجعة