shutil لعمليات الملفات

ما هي shutil؟

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/shutil_demo', exist_ok=True)
with open('/tmp/shutil_demo/a.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('hello')
print('created a.txt')

نسخ ملف

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/shutil_demo', exist_ok=True)
with open('/tmp/shutil_demo/src.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('data')
shutil.copy('/tmp/shutil_demo/src.txt', '/tmp/shutil_demo/copy.txt')
print(os.path.exists('/tmp/shutil_demo/copy.txt'))

copy في مقابل copy2

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/shutil_demo', exist_ok=True)
with open('/tmp/shutil_demo/m.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('x')
shutil.copy2('/tmp/shutil_demo/m.txt', '/tmp/shutil_demo/m2.txt')
print('copied with metadata')

نسخ شجرة كاملة

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/tree_src/sub', exist_ok=True)
with open('/tmp/tree_src/sub/f.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('hi')
shutil.rmtree('/tmp/tree_dst', ignore_errors=True)
shutil.copytree('/tmp/tree_src', '/tmp/tree_dst')
print(os.path.exists('/tmp/tree_dst/sub/f.txt'))

نقل الملفات والمجلدات

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/move_demo', exist_ok=True)
with open('/tmp/move_demo/old.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('move me')
shutil.move('/tmp/move_demo/old.txt', '/tmp/move_demo/new.txt')
print(os.path.exists('/tmp/move_demo/new.txt'))

حذف شجرة مجلدات

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/to_delete/inner', exist_ok=True)
shutil.rmtree('/tmp/to_delete')
print('exists after rmtree:', os.path.exists('/tmp/to_delete'))

ignore_errors والأمان

import shutil

shutil.rmtree('/tmp/never_existed', ignore_errors=True)
print('no error even though path was absent')

إنشاء أرشيف

import shutil, os

os.makedirs('/tmp/arch_src', exist_ok=True)
with open('/tmp/arch_src/data.txt', 'w') as f:
    f.write('archive me')
path = shutil.make_archive('/tmp/my_archive', 'zip', '/tmp/arch_src')
print('created', os.path.basename(path))

استخراج أرشيف

import shutil, os

shutil.make_archive('/tmp/box', 'zip', '/tmp/arch_src')
shutil.unpack_archive('/tmp/box.zip', '/tmp/unpacked')
print(os.listdir('/tmp/unpacked'))

العثور على الملفات التنفيذية

import shutil

print(shutil.which('python3'))
print(shutil.which('definitely_not_a_real_program'))

استخدام القرص

import shutil

usage = shutil.disk_usage('/')
print('total GB:', round(usage.total / 1e9, 1))
print('free GB:', round(usage.free / 1e9, 1))

اختبار سريع

مراجعة