مشاركة البيانات بأمان

مشكلة حالة التسابق

import threading

counter = 0

def bump():
    global counter
    for _ in range(100000):
        counter += 1

ts = [threading.Thread(target=bump) for _ in range(2)]
for t in ts: t.start()
for t in ts: t.join()
print('counter (may be < 200000):', counter)

القفل هو الحل

import threading

counter = 0
lock = threading.Lock()

def bump():
    global counter
    for _ in range(100000):
        with lock:
            counter += 1

ts = [threading.Thread(target=bump) for _ in range(2)]
for t in ts: t.start()
for t in ts: t.join()
print('counter:', counter)

acquire و release

import threading

lock = threading.Lock()
lock.acquire()
try:
    print('inside critical section')
finally:
    lock.release()
print('released')

قوائم انتظار آمنة للخيوط

import queue, threading

q = queue.Queue()

def producer():
    for i in range(3):
        q.put(i)

t = threading.Thread(target=producer)
t.start()
t.join()
while not q.empty():
    print('got', q.get())

المنتِج والمستهلك

import queue, threading

q = queue.Queue()
results = []

def consumer():
    while True:
        item = q.get()
        if item is None:
            break
        results.append(item * 10)
        q.task_done()

t = threading.Thread(target=consumer)
t.start()
for i in range(3):
    q.put(i)
q.put(None)
t.join()
print(results)

join و task_done

import queue, threading

q = queue.Queue()

def worker():
    while True:
        item = q.get()
        q.task_done()

threading.Thread(target=worker, daemon=True).start()
for i in range(5):
    q.put(i)
q.join()
print('all items processed')

RLock لإعادة الدخول

import threading

rlock = threading.RLock()

def outer():
    with rlock:
        inner()

def inner():
    with rlock:
        print('re-entered safely')

outer()

Event لإرسال الإشارات

import threading

start = threading.Event()

def worker():
    start.wait()
    print('go!')

t = threading.Thread(target=worker)
t.start()
print('setting event')
start.set()
t.join()

المشاركة بين العمليات

import multiprocessing as mp

def producer(q):
    for i in range(3):
        q.put(i * i)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    q = mp.Queue()
    p = mp.Process(target=producer, args=(q,))
    p.start()
    p.join()
    while not q.empty():
        print('received', q.get())

تجنب التعطل المتبادل

import threading

lock_a = threading.Lock()
lock_b = threading.Lock()

def safe():
    with lock_a:
        with lock_b:
            print('acquired in consistent order')

safe()

فضّلوا قوائم الانتظار على الأقفال

import queue

q = queue.Queue()
for word in ['safe', 'simple', 'clear']:
    q.put(word)
while not q.empty():
    print(q.get())

تحقق سريع

مراجعة