الوراثة في PHP

ما هي الوراثة؟

تعريف الوراثة

<h2>Defining Inheritance</h2>
<p>Use the <code>extends</code> keyword to create a child class that inherits from a parent class. Example:</p>

تجاوز الأساليب

<?php
  class Vehicle {
    public function drive() {
      echo "Driving a generic vehicle.";
    }
  }

  class Car extends Vehicle {
    public function drive() {
      echo "Driving a car.";
    }
  }

  $car = new Car();
  $car->drive(); // Outputs: Driving a car.
?>

الكلمة المفتاحية parent

<?php
  class Vehicle {
    public function start() {
      echo "Starting the vehicle.";
    }
  }

  class Car extends Vehicle {
    public function start() {
      parent::start();
      echo " Starting the car engine.";
    }
  }

  $car = new Car();
  $car->start(); // Outputs: Starting the vehicle. Starting the car engine.
?>

فوائد الوراثة

الأعضاء المحمية

<?php
  class Vehicle {
    protected $fuel;

    public function setFuel($fuel) {
      $this->fuel = $fuel;
    }
  }

  class Car extends Vehicle {
    public function getFuel() {
      return $this->fuel;
    }
  }

  $car = new Car();
  $car->setFuel("Gasoline");
  echo "Fuel: " . $car->getFuel(); // Outputs: Fuel: Gasoline
?>

الفئات المجرّدة

<?php
  abstract class Vehicle {
    abstract public function start();
  }

  class Car extends Vehicle {
    public function start() {
      echo "Starting the car engine.";
    }
  }

  $car = new Car();
  $car->start(); // Outputs: Starting the car engine.
?>

الكلمة المفتاحية final

<?php
  class Vehicle {
    final public function start() {
      echo "Starting the vehicle.";
    }
  }

  class Car extends Vehicle {
    // Cannot override the start method
  }
?>

أحسنت!