مسارات API ووحدات تحكم الموارد

مسارات API في Laravel

مسار API أساسي

<?php
Route::get("/users/{id}", function (int $id) {
    $user = User::findOrFail($id);
    return response()->json($user);
});

مسارات موارد API

<?php
// routes/api.php
use App\Http\Controllers\Api\UserController;

Route::apiResource("users", UserController::class);
// GET /api/users           → index
// POST /api/users          → store
// GET /api/users/{user}    → show
// PUT /api/users/{user}    → update
// DELETE /api/users/{user} → destroy

إنشاء متحكم API

$ php artisan make:controller Api/UserController --api --model=User

مثال على متحكم API

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index(): JsonResponse
    {
        return response()->json(User::paginate(15));
    }

    public function show(User $user): JsonResponse
    {
        return response()->json($user);
    }

    public function store(StoreUserRequest $request): JsonResponse
    {
        $user = User::create($request->validated());
        return response()->json($user, 201);
    }

    public function destroy(User $user): JsonResponse
    {
        $user->delete();
        return response()->json(null, 204);
    }
}

رموز حالة HTTP

التحقق من Form Request

$ php artisan make:request StoreUserRequest

مثال StoreUserRequest

<?php
class StoreUserRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function authorize(): bool { return true; }
    public function rules(): array {
        return [
            "name"  => "required|string|max:255",
            "email" => "required|email|unique:users",
        ];
    }
}

مسارات API المجمّعة

<?php
Route::prefix("v1")->middleware("auth:sanctum")->group(function () {
    Route::apiResource("posts", PostController::class);
    Route::apiResource("users", UserController::class);
});

except() وonly()

<?php
Route::apiResource("users", UserController::class)->only(["index", "show"]);
Route::apiResource("posts", PostController::class)->except(["destroy"]);

الموارد المتداخلة

<?php
Route::apiResource("users.posts", UserPostController::class);
// GET /api/users/{user}/posts/{post}

الملخص

تحقق سريع