توسيع الفئات في Ruby

استخدام الوراثة

class Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Animal makes a sound'
  end
end

class Dog < Animal
end

dog = Dog.new
dog.speak

استخدام super

class Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Animal makes a sound'
  end
end

class Dog < Animal
  def speak
    super
    puts 'Dog barks'
  end
end

dog = Dog.new
dog.speak

تجاوز الأساليب

class Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Animal makes a sound'
  end
end

class Dog < Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Dog barks'
  end
end

dog = Dog.new
dog.speak

فهم تعدد الأشكال

class Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Animal makes a sound'
  end
end

class Dog < Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Dog barks'
  end
end

class Cat < Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Cat meows'
  end
end

dog = Dog.new
dog.speak

cat = Cat.new
cat.speak

الإبقاء على أساليب الفئة الأصلية

class Animal
  def speak
    puts 'Animal sound'
  end
end

class Bird < Animal
  def speak
    super
    puts 'Bird chirps'
  end
end

bird = Bird.new
bird.speak

توسيع الأساليب باستخدام الفئات المفتوحة

class String
  def shout
    self.upcase + '!!!'
  end
end

puts 'hello'.shout

مثال ختامي على تجاوز الأساليب

class Vehicle
  def move
    puts 'Vehicle is moving'
  end
end

class Car < Vehicle
  def move
    puts 'Car is driving'
  end
end

car = Car.new
car.move

تهانينا!