ما البيئة في R؟

ما البيئة؟

# The global environment holds your session variables
x <- 42
cat('x is in globalenv:', exists('x', envir = globalenv()), '\n')
cat('globalenv name:', environmentName(globalenv()), '\n')

globalenv() وbaseenv() وemptyenv()

cat('global    :', environmentName(globalenv()),  '\n')
cat('base      :', environmentName(baseenv()),    '\n')
cat('empty     :', environmentName(emptyenv()),   '\n')
cat('parent of global:', environmentName(parent.env(globalenv())), '\n')

سلسلة البيئات

# Walk the parent chain from globalenv
env <- globalenv()
for (i in 1:5) {
  cat(sprintf('Level %d: %s\n', i, environmentName(env)))
  if (identical(env, emptyenv())) break
  env <- parent.env(env)
}

environment() لدالة

f <- function() 'hello'
cat('f was defined in:', environmentName(environment(f)), '\n')

# Inside a function, environment() returns its own env
show_env <- function() {
  cat('my env:', environmentName(environment()), '\n')
}
show_env()

as.list() على بيئة

a <- 10
b <- 'hello'
c_val <- TRUE
# Show current global bindings as list
bindings <- as.list(globalenv())
cat('Names in globalenv:', paste(ls(globalenv()), collapse = ', '), '\n')

‏ls() — سرد محتويات البيئة

my_env <- new.env(parent = emptyenv())
my_env$x <- 1
my_env$y <- 'two'
my_env$.hidden <- TRUE
cat('Default ls:', ls(envir = my_env), '\n')
cat('All names :', ls(envir = my_env, all.names = TRUE), '\n')

new.env() — إنشاء البيئات

e <- new.env(parent = emptyenv())
e$name  <- 'Alice'
e$score <- 95
cat('Names:', ls(e), '\n')
cat('Name binding:', e$name, '\n')

البيئات مقابل القوائم

# Environments are reference objects (no copy-on-modify)
e <- new.env(parent = emptyenv())
e$x <- 1
f <- e        # f points to same env, not a copy
f$x <- 99
cat('e$x after modifying through f:', e$x, '\n')

استخدام exists() و get() في بيئة

e <- new.env(parent = emptyenv())
e$pi_approx <- 3.14159
cat('exists pi_approx:', exists('pi_approx', envir = e), '\n')
cat('exists missing:  ', exists('missing_var', envir = e), '\n')
cat('get pi_approx:   ', get('pi_approx', envir = e), '\n')

environmentName() للبيئات المضمنة

cat(environmentName(globalenv()),    '\n')  # R_GlobalEnv
cat(environmentName(baseenv()),      '\n')  # package:base
cat(environmentName(emptyenv()),     '\n')  # R_EmptyEnv
e <- new.env(parent = emptyenv())
cat('User env name: "', environmentName(e), '"\n', sep = '')

تطبيق عملي: استخدام البيئات كذاكرات مؤقتة

cache <- new.env(parent = emptyenv(), hash = TRUE)
cached_square <- function(n) {
  key <- as.character(n)
  if (exists(key, envir = cache, inherits = FALSE))
    return(get(key, envir = cache))
  result <- n^2
  assign(key, result, envir = cache)
  result
}
cat(cached_square(7), '\n')
cat(cached_square(7), '\n')  # served from cache

تحقق سريع

البيئات: أهم النقاط

e <- new.env(parent = emptyenv())
assign('counter', 0L, envir = e)
for (i in 1:5) assign('counter', e$counter + 1L, envir = e)
cat('Counter:', e$counter, '\n')
cat('Env name:', environmentName(e), '\n')
cat('Bindings:', ls(e), '\n')