استخدام source() لتحميل السكربتات

لماذا نستخدم source()؟

# Imagine helpers.R contains:
# add <- function(a, b) a + b
# multiply <- function(a, b) a * b

# Load it into your main script:
source('helpers.R')

# Now use the functions defined there:
result <- add(3, 5)
cat('Result:', result)

صيغة source() الأساسية

# source() with a relative path (file in working directory)
source('my_functions.R')

# source() with an absolute path
source('/Users/alice/projects/utils.R')

# After sourcing, all objects and functions defined
# in the file are available in your current session
cat('Script loaded successfully')

المعامل echo

# Default: silent loading (echo = FALSE)
source('helpers.R')

# Verbose: print each expression as it runs
source('helpers.R', echo = TRUE)

# echo = TRUE output looks like:
# > add <- function(a, b) a + b
# > multiply <- function(a, b) a * b
cat('Done')

المعاملان print.eval وverbose

# print.eval: print the VALUE of each expression
source('helpers.R', echo = TRUE, print.eval = TRUE)

# verbose: extra details like file name and line numbers
source('helpers.R', verbose = TRUE)

# Typical use: debugging a complex script
# source('complex_analysis.R', echo = TRUE, print.eval = TRUE)
cat('Parameters explored')

المعامل local — نطاق معزول

# Without local: objects pollute global env
source('data_prep.R')        # x, y, temp_df all appear in ls()

# With local = TRUE: objects stay inside
source('data_prep.R', local = TRUE)
# x, y, temp_df are NOT in your global workspace

# Verify nothing leaked:
cat('Objects in workspace:', length(ls()))

# local can also be an environment object:
my_env <- new.env()
source('data_prep.R', local = my_env)

استخدام sys.source() للتحميل الأكثر أمانًا

# sys.source() loads a file into a specific environment
utils_env <- new.env()
sys.source('utils.R', envir = utils_env)

# Access functions from that environment explicitly
result <- utils_env$my_helper(10)
cat('Result:', result)

# sys.source does not echo or verbose options
# It is faster and more predictable for package internals
cat('sys.source demo complete')

المسارات النسبية مقابل المطلقة

# Relative path — resolved from getwd()
source('R/helpers.R')          # good for projects
source('scripts/utils.R')      # subfolder
source('../shared/common.R')   # parent folder

# Absolute path — fragile, machine-specific
source('/Users/alice/project/R/helpers.R')

# Check current working directory first:
cat('Working dir:', getwd())

# Best practice: use file.path() for clarity
source(file.path('R', 'helpers.R'))

تحميل عدة ملفات

# main.R — entry point that loads all modules
source('R/data_loading.R')
source('R/cleaning.R')
source('R/analysis.R')
source('R/plotting.R')

# Or source all .R files in a directory:
r_files <- list.files('R', pattern = '\\.R$', full.names = TRUE)
for (f in r_files) {
  source(f)
  cat('Loaded:', f, '\n')
}
cat('All modules loaded')

source() مع chdir

# Suppose scripts/analysis.R uses source('helpers.R')
# and helpers.R is also in scripts/

# Without chdir: R looks for helpers.R in YOUR working dir
source('scripts/analysis.R')          # may fail

# With chdir = TRUE: working dir shifts to scripts/ temporarily
source('scripts/analysis.R', chdir = TRUE)   # helpers.R found!

# After source() returns, working dir goes back to original
cat('Working dir restored:', getwd())

التحميل عند بدء التشغيل عبر .Rprofile

# .Rprofile (in ~ or project root):
# source('~/.R/my_utils.R')     # load personal helpers
# options(scipen = 999)          # no scientific notation

# To open and edit .Rprofile:
file.edit('~/.Rprofile')

# To see where .Rprofile files are looked for:
cat(Sys.getenv('R_PROFILE_USER'))

# Caution: heavy .Rprofile slows R startup
# Keep it minimal — load only what you always need
cat('.Rprofile concept shown')

source() عمليًا — نمط المشروعات

# Project structure:
# my_project/
#   run.R             <- entry point
#   R/
#     01_load.R       <- data loading
#     02_clean.R      <- data cleaning
#     03_model.R      <- modeling
#     04_report.R     <- output

# run.R content:
cat('=== Starting analysis ===\n')
source('R/01_load.R')
source('R/02_clean.R')
source('R/03_model.R')
source('R/04_report.R')
cat('=== Analysis complete ===\n')

تحقق سريع

source() — أهم النقاط

# Quick reference
source('R/helpers.R')                        # basic load
source('R/helpers.R', echo = TRUE)           # verbose
source('R/helpers.R', local = TRUE)          # isolated
source('scripts/run.R', chdir = TRUE)        # local paths

env <- new.env()
sys.source('R/helpers.R', envir = env)       # low-level

cat('source() mastered!')