عكس قائمة مرتبطة

لماذا يُعد عكس القائمة أساسياً

العكس التكراري باستخدام ثلاثة مؤشرات

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reverse_list(head):
    prev, curr = None, head
    while curr:
        next_node  = curr.next   # Save
        curr.next  = prev        # Flip
        prev       = curr        # Advance prev
        curr       = next_node   # Advance curr
    return prev  # new head

# Test
nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in range(1, 6)]
for i in range(len(nodes) - 1):
    nodes[i].next = nodes[i+1]
head = reverse_list(nodes[0])
while head:
    print(head.val, end=' ')  # 5 4 3 2 1
    head = head.next

التتبّع خطوة بخطوة

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reverse_list_traced(head):
    prev, curr = None, head
    step = 0
    while curr:
        step += 1
        next_node = curr.next
        curr.next = prev
        print(f'Step {step}: flipped {curr.val}.next -> {prev.val if prev else None}')
        prev = curr
        curr = next_node
    return prev

nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]]
for i in range(len(nodes) - 1):
    nodes[i].next = nodes[i+1]
head = reverse_list_traced(nodes[0])
print('New head:', head.val)  # 3

العكس باستخدام الاستدعاء الذاتي

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reverse_list_rec(head):
    # Base case: empty or single node
    if not head or not head.next:
        return head
    new_head = reverse_list_rec(head.next)  # reverse suffix
    head.next.next = head   # former second node points back
    head.next = None        # sever forward link
    return new_head

nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in range(1, 5)]
for i in range(len(nodes) - 1):
    nodes[i].next = nodes[i+1]
head = reverse_list_rec(nodes[0])
while head:
    print(head.val, end=' ')  # 4 3 2 1
    head = head.next

عكس قائمة فرعية (LeetCode 92)

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reverseBetween(head, left, right):
    dummy = ListNode(0, head)
    pre = dummy
    # Advance pre to node just before position 'left'
    for _ in range(left - 1):
        pre = pre.next
    curr = pre.next
    for _ in range(right - left):
        next_node   = curr.next
        curr.next   = next_node.next
        next_node.next = pre.next
        pre.next    = next_node
    return dummy.next

nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in range(1, 6)]
for i in range(len(nodes) - 1):
    nodes[i].next = nodes[i+1]
head = reverseBetween(nodes[0], 2, 4)
while head:
    print(head.val, end=' ')  # 1 4 3 2 5
    head = head.next

عكس العقد في مجموعات من k (LeetCode 25)

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reverseKGroup(head, k):
    # Check if k nodes are available
    curr, count = head, 0
    while curr and count < k:
        curr = curr.next
        count += 1
    if count < k:
        return head   # fewer than k nodes left, keep as-is
    # Reverse k nodes
    prev, curr = None, head
    for _ in range(k):
        nxt = curr.next
        curr.next = prev
        prev = curr
        curr = nxt
    # head is now the tail of the reversed group
    head.next = reverseKGroup(curr, k)
    return prev

nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in range(1, 6)]
for i in range(len(nodes) - 1):
    nodes[i].next = nodes[i+1]
head = reverseKGroup(nodes[0], 2)
while head:
    print(head.val, end=' ')  # 2 1 4 3 5
    head = head.next

قائمة مترابطة متناظرة

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def isPalindrome(head):
    # Find mid
    slow = fast = head
    while fast and fast.next:
        slow = slow.next
        fast = fast.next.next
    # Reverse second half
    prev, curr = None, slow
    while curr:
        nxt = curr.next
        curr.next = prev
        prev = curr
        curr = nxt
    # Compare
    left, right = head, prev
    while right:
        if left.val != right.val:
            return False
        left  = left.next
        right = right.next
    return True

def build(arr):
    d = ListNode(0)
    c = d
    for v in arr:
        c.next = ListNode(v)
        c = c.next
    return d.next

print(isPalindrome(build([1,2,2,1])))  # True
print(isPalindrome(build([1,2,3])))    # False

مقارنة بين العكس التكراري والاستدعاء الذاتي

import sys
print('Default recursion limit:', sys.getrecursionlimit())
# For a list of 10,000 nodes the recursive reversal would hit this limit
# Iterative reversal has no such constraint

# Increase if needed (use sparingly):
# sys.setrecursionlimit(20000)

الأخطاء الشائعة عند عكس القائمة

# Minimal correct iterative reversal — annotated against common bugs
class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reverse_list(head):
    prev, curr = None, head
    while curr:
        next_node = curr.next   # BUG if omitted: lose rest of list
        curr.next = prev
        prev      = curr
        curr      = next_node
    return prev               # BUG if you return curr: it is None

nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in [1, 2, 3]]
nodes[0].next = nodes[1]
nodes[1].next = nodes[2]
h = reverse_list(nodes[0])
while h:
    print(h.val, end=' ')  # 3 2 1
    h = h.next

إعادة ترتيب القائمة (LeetCode 143)

class ListNode:
    def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
        self.val = val
        self.next = next

def reorderList(head):
    if not head or not head.next:
        return
    # Find mid
    slow = fast = head
    while fast.next and fast.next.next:
        slow = slow.next
        fast = fast.next.next
    # Reverse second half
    prev, curr = None, slow.next
    slow.next = None
    while curr:
        nxt = curr.next
        curr.next = prev
        prev = curr
        curr = nxt
    # Interleave
    first, second = head, prev
    while second:
        tmp1, tmp2 = first.next, second.next
        first.next = second
        second.next = tmp1
        first, second = tmp1, tmp2

nodes = [ListNode(i) for i in range(1, 5)]
for i in range(len(nodes) - 1):
    nodes[i].next = nodes[i+1]
reorderList(nodes[0])
h = nodes[0]
while h:
    print(h.val, end=' ')  # 1 4 2 3
    h = h.next

الملخّص: العكس لبنة أساسية

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