القيم المُعادة والتحميل الزائد

نظرة عامة

الإرجاع والحراسة

public class Main {
  // Double an integer and return the result
  static int doubleIt(int x) {
    return x * 2;
  }

  // Return a label using a simple early-return pattern (guard clause)
  static String parity(int n) {
    if (n % 2 == 0) {
      return "even";   // early return ends the method here
    }
    return "odd";       // otherwise this path executes
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("doubleIt(7) = " + doubleIt(7));
    System.out.println("parity(10) = " + parity(10));
    System.out.println("parity(11) = " + parity(11));
  }
}

عمليات الإرجاع المتعددة

public class Main {
  // Safe integer division with simple validation
  static int safeDiv(int num, int den) {
    if (den == 0) {
      return 0; // simple policy: return 0 if denominator is zero
    }
    return num / den; // normal path
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("safeDiv(8, 2) = " + safeDiv(8, 2));
    System.out.println("safeDiv(5, 0) = " + safeDiv(5, 0));
  }
}

التحميل الزائد: العدد

public class Main {
  // Overload 1: max of two numbers
  static int max(int a, int b) {
    return (a > b) ? a : b;
  }
  // Overload 2: max of three numbers (different parameter COUNT)
  static int max(int a, int b, int c) {
    int m = (a > b) ? a : b;
    return (m > c) ? m : c;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("max(3, 9) = " + max(3, 9));
    System.out.println("max(3, 9, 5) = " + max(3, 9, 5));
  }
}

التحميل الزائد: الأنواع

public class Main {
  // Overload for integers
  static int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
  }
  // Overload for doubles (different parameter TYPES)
  static double add(double a, double b) {
    return a + b;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("add(2, 3) = " + add(2, 3));           // calls int version
    System.out.println("add(2.5, 3.5) = " + add(2.5, 3.5));   // calls double version
    System.out.println("add(2, 3.5) = " + add(2, 3.5));       // numeric promotion chooses double version
  }
}

التحميل الزائد: varargs

public class Main {
  // Specific overload for two ints
  static int sum(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
  }
  // Varargs overload for many ints
  static int sum(int... nums) {
    int s = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i = i + 1) s = s + nums[i];
    return s;
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Exact match beats varargs
    System.out.println("sum(4, 5) = " + sum(4, 5));           // picks (int,int)
    System.out.println("sum(1,2,3,4) = " + sum(1, 2, 3, 4));  // uses varargs
  }
}

التحقق من التحميل الزائد

مراجعة والخطوة التالية