PriorityQueue للمعالجة المرتبة

ما هي PriorityQueue؟

import java.util.PriorityQueue;

PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
pq.offer(30);
pq.offer(10);
pq.offer(20);

System.out.println(pq.poll()); // 10 (min)
System.out.println(pq.poll()); // 20
System.out.println(pq.poll()); // 30

البنية الداخلية للكومة

كومة عظمى باستخدام Comparator معكوس

PriorityQueue<Integer> maxPQ = new PriorityQueue<>(Comparator.reverseOrder());
maxPQ.offer(10);
maxPQ.offer(50);
maxPQ.offer(30);

System.out.println(maxPQ.poll()); // 50 (max)
System.out.println(maxPQ.poll()); // 30

PriorityQueue مع كائنات مخصصة

record Job(String name, int priority) {}

PriorityQueue<Job> queue = new PriorityQueue<>(
    Comparator.comparingInt(Job::priority) // ascending priority
);
queue.offer(new Job("Backup", 5));
queue.offer(new Job("Alert", 1));
queue.offer(new Job("Report", 3));

System.out.println(queue.poll().name()); // Alert (priority 1)

Peek مقابل Poll

PriorityQueue<String> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
pq.offer("banana");
pq.offer("apple");

System.out.println(pq.peek()); // apple (not removed)
System.out.println(pq.peek()); // apple (still there)
System.out.println(pq.poll()); // apple (removed)
System.out.println(pq.peek()); // banana

مثال على جدولة المهام

record Task(String name, int priority) {}

PriorityQueue<Task> scheduler = new PriorityQueue<>(
    Comparator.comparingInt(Task::priority).reversed() // highest first
);
scheduler.offer(new Task("Low", 1));
scheduler.offer(new Task("Critical", 10));
scheduler.offer(new Task("Normal", 5));

while (!scheduler.isEmpty()) {
    System.out.println("Processing: " + scheduler.poll().name());
}
// Critical, Normal, Low

أصغر K من العناصر

int[] nums = {7, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 8};
int k = 3;

PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
for (int n : nums) pq.offer(n);

for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
    System.out.print(pq.poll() + " ");
}
// 1 2 3

أكبر K من العناصر باستخدام كومة عظمى

int[] nums = {7, 2, 5, 1, 9, 3, 8};
int k = 3;

PriorityQueue<Integer> minHeap = new PriorityQueue<>();
for (int n : nums) {
    minHeap.offer(n);
    if (minHeap.size() > k) minHeap.poll(); // remove smallest
}
// minHeap now contains the 3 largest: [7, 8, 9]
System.out.println(minHeap); // order may vary

نمط خوارزمية Dijkstra

record Entry(int node, int cost) {}

PriorityQueue<Entry> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(
    Comparator.comparingInt(Entry::cost)
);
pq.offer(new Entry(0, 0)); // start node, cost 0

while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
    Entry curr = pq.poll();
    System.out.println("Visit node " + curr.node() + " cost=" + curr.cost());
    // expand neighbors...
}

التكرار غير مرتب

PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();
pq.addAll(List.of(5,3,1,4,2));

// WRONG for sorted output:
for (int n : pq) System.out.print(n+" "); // unordered!

// CORRECT:
while (!pq.isEmpty()) System.out.print(pq.poll()+" "); // 1 2 3 4 5

ملخص الأداء

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: PriorityQueue