الواجهات عمليًا

نظرة عامة

الواجهة كمعامل

الشيفرة: إمكانية Printable

public class Main {
  // 1) Define a tiny capability
  static interface Printable { void print(); }

  // 2) Two implementations
  static class TextDoc implements Printable {
    public void print() { System.out.println("[TextDoc] Printing text pages"); }
  }
  static class Photo implements Printable {
    public void print() { System.out.println("[Photo] Printing a photo"); }
  }

  // 3) A method that depends on capability, not class
  static void runJob(Printable p) {
    p.print(); // caller does not care which class it is
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    runJob(new TextDoc());
    runJob(new Photo());
  }
}

الواجهة كنوع القيمة المُعادة

الشيفرة: Strategy مع Formatter

public class Main {
  // Strategy: different ways to format text
  static interface Formatter { String format(String s); }

  static class UpperFormatter implements Formatter {
    public String format(String s) { return s.toUpperCase(); }
  }
  static class LowerFormatter implements Formatter {
    public String format(String s) { return s.toLowerCase(); }
  }

  // Uses any Formatter
  static String show(String title, Formatter f) {
    return title + " -> " + f.format(title);
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(show("Hello", new UpperFormatter()));
    System.out.println(show("Hello", new LowerFormatter()));
  }
}

الشفرة: قائمة الواجهات

public class Main {
  static interface Task { void run(); }

  static class EmailTask implements Task { public void run(){ System.out.println("Send email"); } }
  static class ReportTask implements Task { public void run(){ System.out.println("Generate report"); } }
  static class CleanupTask implements Task { public void run(){ System.out.println("Clean temp files"); } }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Task[] queue = { new EmailTask(), new ReportTask(), new CleanupTask() };
    for (int i = 0; i < queue.length; i = i + 1) {
      queue[i].run(); // same call, different behavior
    }
  }
}

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مراجعة