أساسيات حزمة time

time.Time — النوع الأساسي

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    now := time.Now()
    fmt.Println(now)              // 2024-01-15 10:30:00.123456789 +0000 UTC
    fmt.Println(now.Year())       // 2024
    fmt.Println(now.Month())      // January
    fmt.Println(now.Day())        // 15
    fmt.Println(now.Hour())       // 10
    fmt.Println(now.Minute())     // 30
    fmt.Println(now.Weekday())    // Monday
}

time.Duration

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    d := 2*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute + 15*time.Second
    fmt.Println(d)              // 2h30m15s
    fmt.Println(d.Hours())      // 2.504166...
    fmt.Println(d.Minutes())    // 150.25
    fmt.Println(d.Seconds())    // 9015
    fmt.Println(d.Milliseconds()) // 9015000
}

time.Add و time.Sub

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    now := time.Now()

    tomorrow := now.Add(24 * time.Hour)
    fmt.Println(tomorrow.Format("2006-01-02"))

    deadline := now.Add(30 * time.Minute)
    remaining := time.Until(deadline)  // alias for deadline.Sub(now)
    fmt.Printf("%.0f minutes left\n", remaining.Minutes())
}

تنسيق الأوقات وتحليلها

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    now := time.Now()

    // Format
    fmt.Println(now.Format("2006-01-02"))          // 2024-01-15
    fmt.Println(now.Format("02/01/2006 15:04:05")) // 15/01/2024 10:30:00
    fmt.Println(now.Format(time.RFC3339))          // 2024-01-15T10:30:00Z
    fmt.Println(now.Format(time.Kitchen))          // 10:30AM
}

time.Parse — تحليل السلاسل النصية

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    s := "2024-01-15"
    t, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02", s)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("parse error:", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day()) // 2024 January 15

    // Parse RFC3339 (ISO 8601):
    t2, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2024-01-15T10:30:00Z")
    fmt.Println(t2)
}

time.Sleep والمؤقتات

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    start := time.Now()
    time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
    fmt.Printf("slept for %v\n", time.Since(start))

    // One-shot timer
    timer := time.NewTimer(200 * time.Millisecond)
    <-timer.C  // blocks until timer fires
    fmt.Println("timer fired")
}

time.Ticker للأحداث المتكررة

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    ticker := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
    defer ticker.Stop()  // always stop to avoid goroutine leak

    for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
        t := <-ticker.C
        fmt.Println("tick at", t.Format("15:04:05.000"))
    }
}

time.Since و time.Until

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func benchmark(fn func()) time.Duration {
    start := time.Now()
    fn()
    return time.Since(start)  // = time.Now().Sub(start)
}

func main() {
    d := benchmark(func() { time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond) })
    fmt.Printf("took %v\n", d)

    deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Minute)
    fmt.Printf("%.0f minutes remaining\n", time.Until(deadline).Minutes())
}

المناطق الزمنية

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    utc := time.Now().UTC()
    fmt.Println(utc)

    loc, err := time.LoadLocation("America/New_York")
    if err != nil { panic(err) }
    nyTime := utc.In(loc)
    fmt.Println(nyTime)

    // Compare times — always in UTC internally
    fmt.Println(utc.Equal(nyTime)) // true — same instant
}

time.Unix — الطوابع الزمنية لـ Unix

package main
import ("fmt"; "time")

func main() {
    now := time.Now()
    unix := now.Unix()            // seconds since epoch
    unixMilli := now.UnixMilli()  // milliseconds
    unixNano := now.UnixNano()    // nanoseconds

    fmt.Println(unix, unixMilli, unixNano)

    // Convert back:
    t := time.Unix(unix, 0)
    fmt.Println(t.Format(time.RFC3339))
}

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: حزمة time