الخطافات المخصّصة: استخراج المنطق القابل لإعادة الاستخدام

ما المقصود بـ Custom Hooks؟

استخراج المنطق إلى Custom Hook

function useWindowWidth() {
  const [width, setWidth] = useState(window.innerWidth);

  useEffect(() => {
    const handler = () => setWidth(window.innerWidth);
    window.addEventListener('resize', handler);
    return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', handler);
  }, []);

  return width;
}

// Usage:
const width = useWindowWidth();
const isMobile = width < 768;

useFetch — Hook لجلب البيانات

function useFetch<T>(url: string) {
  const [data, setData] = useState<T | null>(null);
  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    const controller = new AbortController();
    async function load() {
      try {
        const res = await fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal });
        if (!res.ok) throw new Error(`${res.status}`);
        setData(await res.json());
      } catch (err) {
        if ((err as DOMException).name !== 'AbortError')
          setError((err as Error).message);
      } finally { setLoading(false); }
    }
    load();
    return () => controller.abort();
  }, [url]);

  return { data, loading, error };
}

Hook ‏useLocalStorage

function useLocalStorage<T>(key: string, initialValue: T) {
  const [value, setValue] = useState<T>(() => {
    const stored = localStorage.getItem(key);
    return stored ? JSON.parse(stored) : initialValue;
  });

  const set = useCallback((newValue: T) => {
    setValue(newValue);
    localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(newValue));
  }, [key]);

  return [value, set] as const;
}

تشارك Custom Hooks المنطق لا الحالة

اصطلاحات التسمية

إرجاع قيم متعددة

// Tuple (like useState):
const [value, setValue] = useLocalStorage('key', 0);

// Object (more descriptive):
const { data, loading, error, refetch } = useFetch('/api/users');

Hook ‏useDebounce

function useDebounce<T>(value: T, delay: number): T {
  const [debounced, setDebounced] = useState(value);

  useEffect(() => {
    const timer = setTimeout(() => setDebounced(value), delay);
    return () => clearTimeout(timer);
  }, [value, delay]);

  return debounced;
}

// Usage:
const debouncedSearch = useDebounce(searchTerm, 300);
useEffect(() => { search(debouncedSearch); }, [debouncedSearch]);

Hook ‏useMediaQuery

function useMediaQuery(query: string): boolean {
  const [matches, setMatches] = useState(() => window.matchMedia(query).matches);

  useEffect(() => {
    const mq = window.matchMedia(query);
    const handler = (e: MediaQueryListEvent) => setMatches(e.matches);
    mq.addEventListener('change', handler);
    return () => mq.removeEventListener('change', handler);
  }, [query]);

  return matches;
}

اختبار Custom Hooks

import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react';

test('useCounter increments', () => {
  const { result } = renderHook(() => useCounter(0));
  expect(result.current.count).toBe(0);
  act(() => result.current.increment());
  expect(result.current.count).toBe(1);
});

مكتبات Hooks المنشورة

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: Custom Hooks