التحويلات المعرّفة من المستخدم

التحويلات المعرّفة من قبل المستخدم

تحويل ضمني

using System;

public struct Celsius
{
    public double Degrees;
    public Celsius(double d) { Degrees = d; }

    // Always safe: a Celsius is just a number
    public static implicit operator double(Celsius c) => c.Degrees;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Celsius temp = new Celsius(21.5);
        double d = temp; // implicit, no cast needed
        Console.WriteLine(d);
    }
}

تحويل صريح

using System;

public struct Money
{
    public decimal Amount;
    public Money(decimal a) { Amount = a; }

    // Loses the fractional cents, so make it explicit
    public static explicit operator int(Money m) => (int)m.Amount;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var m = new Money(19.99m);
        int dollars = (int)m; // explicit cast required
        Console.WriteLine(dollars);
    }
}

التحويل إلى نوعك

using System;

public struct Celsius
{
    public double Degrees;
    public Celsius(double d) { Degrees = d; }

    public static implicit operator Celsius(double d) => new Celsius(d);

    public override string ToString() => Degrees + "C";
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Celsius t = 18.0; // double implicitly becomes Celsius
        Console.WriteLine(t);
    }
}

الضمني أم الصريح: اختيار الأنسب

using System;

public struct Percentage
{
    public double Value; // 0..1
    public Percentage(double v) { Value = v; }

    // Safe and lossless -> implicit
    public static implicit operator double(Percentage p) => p.Value;
    // Could be out of range -> explicit
    public static explicit operator Percentage(double v) => new Percentage(v);
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        double d = new Percentage(0.25);
        var p = (Percentage)0.5;
        Console.WriteLine(d + " " + p.Value);
    }
}

التحويلات بين الأنواع المخصصة

using System;

public struct Cartesian
{
    public double X, Y;
    public Cartesian(double x, double y) { X = x; Y = y; }
    public override string ToString() => "(" + Math.Round(X, 2) + ", " + Math.Round(Y, 2) + ")";
}

public struct Polar
{
    public double R, Theta;
    public Polar(double r, double theta) { R = r; Theta = theta; }
    public static explicit operator Cartesian(Polar p)
        => new Cartesian(p.R * Math.Cos(p.Theta), p.R * Math.Sin(p.Theta));
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var c = (Cartesian)new Polar(1.0, 0.0);
        Console.WriteLine(c);
    }
}

التحويلات تتكامل مع المؤثرات

using System;

public struct Meters
{
    public double Value;
    public Meters(double v) { Value = v; }
    public static implicit operator double(Meters m) => m.Value;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var distance = new Meters(5);
        double doubled = distance * 2; // uses implicit conversion to double
        Console.WriteLine(doubled);
    }
}

تجنب التحويلات الضمنية المفاجئة

using System;

public struct UserId
{
    public int Value;
    public UserId(int v) { Value = v; }
    // Explicit on purpose: an int is not always a valid id
    public static explicit operator UserId(int v) => new UserId(v);
    public static explicit operator int(UserId id) => id.Value;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var id = (UserId)42;
        int raw = (int)id;
        Console.WriteLine(raw);
    }
}

مؤثرات التحويل هي static

using System;

public struct Fahrenheit
{
    public double Degrees;
    public Fahrenheit(double d) { Degrees = d; }
    public static implicit operator Fahrenheit(double d) => new Fahrenheit(d);
    public static implicit operator double(Fahrenheit f) => f.Degrees;
    public override string ToString() => Degrees + "F";
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Fahrenheit f = 98.6;
        double d = f;
        Console.WriteLine(f + " = " + d);
    }
}

نوع تغليف عملي

using System;

public struct NonEmptyString
{
    public string Value;
    public NonEmptyString(string v)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(v)) throw new ArgumentException("empty");
        Value = v;
    }
    public static explicit operator NonEmptyString(string s) => new NonEmptyString(s);
    public static implicit operator string(NonEmptyString s) => s.Value;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var name = (NonEmptyString)"Ada";
        string s = name;
        Console.WriteLine(s);
    }
}

جرّب بنفسك

using System;

public struct Ratio
{
    public double Value;
    public Ratio(double v)
    {
        if (v < 0 || v > 1) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(v));
        Value = v;
    }
    public static implicit operator double(Ratio r) => r.Value; // always safe
    public static explicit operator Ratio(double v) => new Ratio(v); // may throw
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var half = (Ratio)0.5;   // explicit, validated
        double d = half;          // implicit, safe
        Console.WriteLine(d * 100 + "%");
    }
}

اختبار سريع

مراجعة