أنماط Factory وOptions

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مفوضات المصنع مع AddTransient

builder.Services.AddTransient<IPaymentGateway>(sp =>
{
    var config = sp.GetRequiredService<IOptions<PaymentConfig>>().Value;
    return config.Provider == "stripe"
        ? new StripeGateway(config.ApiKey)
        : new PayPalGateway(config.ClientId, config.Secret);
});

الخيارات المُسمّاة مع IOptionsSnapshot

public class SmtpSettings
{
    public string Host { get; set; } = "";
    public int Port { get; set; } = 587;
    public string Username { get; set; } = "";
}

// Registration
builder.Services.Configure<SmtpSettings>(
    builder.Configuration.GetSection("Smtp"));

// Consumption
public class EmailService
{
    private readonly SmtpSettings _settings;
    public EmailService(IOptions<SmtpSettings> opts)
        => _settings = opts.Value;
}

IOptionsMonitor لإعادة التحميل الفوري

public class FeatureFlagService
{
    private readonly IOptionsMonitor<FeatureFlags> _monitor;

    public FeatureFlagService(IOptionsMonitor<FeatureFlags> monitor)
        => _monitor = monitor;

    public bool IsEnabled(string flag)
    {
        // Always reads the latest config value
        return _monitor.CurrentValue.Flags.GetValueOrDefault(flag);
    }
}

الخيارات المُسمّاة

builder.Services.Configure<S3Settings>("primary",
    builder.Configuration.GetSection("S3:Primary"));
builder.Services.Configure<S3Settings>("backup",
    builder.Configuration.GetSection("S3:Backup"));

public class S3Service
{
    public S3Service(IOptionsSnapshot<S3Settings> opts)
    {
        var primary = opts.Get("primary");
        var backup  = opts.Get("backup");
    }
}

التحقق من الخيارات عند بدء التشغيل

public class SmtpSettings
{
    [Required] public string Host { get; set; } = "";
    [Range(1, 65535)] public int Port { get; set; } = 587;
}

builder.Services
    .AddOptions<SmtpSettings>()
    .Bind(builder.Configuration.GetSection("Smtp"))
    .ValidateDataAnnotations()
    .ValidateOnStart();

نمط المصنع المجرّد

public interface IReportFactory
{
    IReport Create(string reportType);
}

public class ReportFactory : IReportFactory
{
    private readonly IServiceProvider _sp;
    public ReportFactory(IServiceProvider sp) => _sp = sp;

    public IReport Create(string reportType) => reportType switch
    {
        "pdf"  => _sp.GetRequiredService<PdfReport>(),
        "excel"=> _sp.GetRequiredService<ExcelReport>(),
        _      => throw new ArgumentException("Unknown type")
    };
}

builder.Services.AddTransient<IReportFactory, ReportFactory>();

الخدمات ذات المفاتيح (.NET 8)

builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<IPaymentGateway, StripeGateway>("stripe");
builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<IPaymentGateway, PayPalGateway>("paypal");

// Resolve in a class:
public class CheckoutService(
    [FromKeyedServices("stripe")] IPaymentGateway stripe,
    [FromKeyedServices("paypal")]  IPaymentGateway paypal) { }

استخدام PostConfigure للتجاوزات

// In integration tests: force test values after real config
builder.Services.PostConfigure<SmtpSettings>(opts =>
{
    opts.Host = "smtp.test.local";
    opts.Port = 25;
});

أساليب التمديد لـ IServiceCollection

public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddPaymentServices(
        this IServiceCollection services,
        IConfiguration config)
    {
        services.Configure<PaymentConfig>(config.GetSection("Payment"));
        services.AddScoped<IPaymentGateway, StripeGateway>();
        services.AddScoped<PaymentService>();
        return services;
    }
}

// Usage in Program.cs:
builder.Services.AddPaymentServices(builder.Configuration);

من الواقع العملي: إشعارات متعددة الموفّرين

builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<INotifier, EmailNotifier>("email");
builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<INotifier, SmsNotifier>("sms");
builder.Services.AddKeyedScoped<INotifier, PushNotifier>("push");

public class NotificationService
{
    private readonly IServiceProvider _sp;
    public NotificationService(IServiceProvider sp) => _sp = sp;

    public Task SendAsync(string channel, string message)
    {
        var notifier = _sp.GetRequiredKeyedService<INotifier>(channel);
        return notifier.SendAsync(message);
    }
}

تحقق سريع

مراجعة: أنماط المصانع والخيارات